Predicting prosocial tendancies from children's temperamental profiles: A person

描述(由申请者提供)：亲社会倾向(即注重于惠及他人的其他定向特征和行为，包括分享、帮助和移情)是社会能力的核心方面，也是幸福和健康适应的重要标志(Carlo，2006；Eisenberg&Fabes，1998)。尽管有亲社会倾向的生物学基础的证据，但令人惊讶的是，关于亲社会倾向的人格相关性的研究很少(Eisenberg，Fabes，Karbon，Murphy等人，1996)。先前的研究集中于少数与亲社会行为相当不同的气质相关因素(例如，社交能力、消极情绪和自我调节)，并得出了相对复杂的结果。这一混合发现的部分原因可能与这样一个事实有关，即几乎没有人尝试在预测亲社会倾向和行为时纳入多个气质维度。然而，我们有充分的理由相信，气质倾向并不是独立起作用的，而是共同作用的，以预测亲社会行为。因此，本研究的目的是：1)基于对气质的分类方法确定亲社会性群体；2)考察气质集群与亲社会行为之间的同步和纵向关系；3)检验这些关系是否受到人口统计变量(性别、收入和种族)的调节。我们计划进行一项聚类分析(使用5个气质维度)，以确定从NICHD数据库中相对不同的54个月大样本中存在的气质特征，以预测同时和儿童中期(一年级和三年级)的亲社会行为。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究的目标是检查个人的气质特征如何预测亲社会行为。了解亲社会行为的预测因素很重要，因为亲社会行为与儿童的社会能力和适应能力有关。因此，亲社会的孩子比不亲社会的孩子更少攻击性，有更高的自尊，更受同龄人的喜欢，也更少抑郁。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prosocial tendencies (i.e., other oriented traits and behaviors focused on benefiting others, including sharing, helping, and empathy) are core aspects of social competence and an important marker of well-being and healthy adjustment (Carlo, 2006; Eisenberg & Fabes, 1998). Despite the evidence on the biological basis of prosocial tendencies, there is surprising little research on the personality correlates of prosociality (Eisenberg, Fabes, Karbon, Murphy, et al., 1996). Prior work has focused on a small number of fairly distinct temperamental correlates (e.g., sociability, negative emotionality, and self- regulation) of prosocial behavior and has had relatively mixed findings. Part of the reasons for the mixed findings may have to do with the fact that little attempt has been made to incorporate multiple temperamental dimensions in predicting prosocial dispositions and behavior. However, there is good reason to believe that temperamental dispositions do not work independently, but rather work together, to predict prosocial behavior. Thus, the aims of the proposed study are to: 1) identify groups of prosociality based on a cluster approach to temperament; 2) examine the concurrent and longitudinal relations between temperament clusters and prosocial behaviors; and 3) examine whether these relations are moderated by demographic variables (gender, income, and ethnicity). We plan perform a cluster analyses (using 5 dimensions of temperament) in order to identify profiles of temperament that exist among a relatively diverse sample of 54-month-olds from the NICHD data base to predict prosocial behaviors both concurrently and in middle childhood (first and third grades). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this study is to examine how individual temperamental profiles predict prosocial behavior. It is important to understand the factors that predict prosocial behavior, because prosocial behavior is related to children's social competence and adjustment. Thus, children who are prosocial are less aggressive, have higher self- esteem, are better liked by peers, and are less depressed than children who are not prosocial.