Sound Sources of Phonation

描述（由申请人提供）：语音研究的最终目标是建立一个共同的理论框架，将声带动力学，空气动力学，声学和语音感知联系起来。这种统一的方法对于解释组织运动最终如何导致语音感知至关重要。由于声门气流既是声带的耦合振荡器，又是声源，因此它提供了关于声带振动和由此产生的声音信号的信息，听者最终将其视为音质。虽然空气声学领域和涡声理论都比较发达，但将这些理论应用到声音产生中还处于起步阶段。因此，在广泛的发声条件下对发声进行全面、系统的研究中利用这些理论，对于进一步理解声源机制具有相当大的前景。在五年的时间里，我们建议使用发声的分析/计算模型和三个发声的实验室模型（驱动物理模型，自振荡物理模型和人类切除喉部）来解决以下具体目标：(1)量化由声门内收控制的呼吸到压声连续体上的近场声门气流；(2)量化由声带身体/覆盖参数变化引起的声门气流与声音类型（胸部、假声、声带）的关系；(3)量化声门气流与声源/声道相互作用的关系；(4)量化声门气流与声带左右不对称的关系。对于这些具体目标，我们将测量近场声门气流，识别其中包含的声源机制，量化这些声源项对辐射声输出的相对贡献，并对近场声门气流进行时空分解，以提取气流的主要正交模型，并揭示这些模式在这一关键产声区域的相互作用。公共卫生相关性：成功完成所提出的研究不仅将提高我们对各种正常和紊乱语音类型的声源机制的理解，而且还将揭示语音链中各个元素之间的关系和相互作用，包括声带动力学、空气动力学、声学和感知。在未来，这些知识最终可能在准确、高效、低阶发声模型的发展中概念化，这可能有助于实际的临床应用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An ultimate goal of speech research is to develop a common theoretical framework that will link together vocal fold dynamics, aerodynamics, acoustics, and speech perception. Such a unified approach is essential in explaining how tissue movement finally results in the perception of speech sounds. Because of its role both as a coupled oscillator with the vocal folds and as the acoustic source, the glottal airflow provides information about both vocal fold vibration and the resulting acoustic signal that listeners ultimately perceive as voice quality. While the field of aeroacoustics and the theory of vortex sound are relatively advanced, the application of such theories to voice production is still in its infancy. Accordingly, exploitation of such theories in a comprehensive, systematic study of phonation over a broad range of phonatory conditions holds considerable promise for furthering our understanding of voice source mechanisms. Over a five-year period, we propose to address the following Specific Aims using analytic/computational models of phonation and three laboratory models of phonation (a driven physical model, a self-oscillating physical model, and human excised larynges): (1) quantify the near field glottal airflow over the breathy to pressed voice continuum, as manipulated by glottal adduction, (2) quantify the near field glottal airflow as a function of voice type (chest, falsetto, vocal fry), as induced by changes in the body/cover parameters of the vocal folds, (3) quantify the near field glottal airflow as a function of source/tract interactions, (4) quantify the near field glottal airflow as a function of left-right asymmetries of the vocal folds. For each of these Specific Aims, we will measure the near field glottal airflow, identify the voice source mechanisms contained therein, quantify the relative contribution of these voice source terms to the radiated acoustic output, and perform a spatio-temporal decomposition of the near field glottal airflow to extract the primary orthogonal models of the airflow and reveal the interaction of these modes in this critical sound-producing region. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Successful completion of the proposed research will not only improve our understanding of voice source mechanisms across a variety of normal and disordered voice types, but also reveal relationships and interactions between various elements of the speech chain including vocal fold dynamics, aerodynamics, acoustics, and perception. In the future, this knowledge eventually may be conceptualized in the development of accurate, efficient, reduced-order models of phonation which may assist in practical clinical applications.