Effects of Aging on Memory for Source of Information

项目主任/首席调查员(最后、第一、中间)：Johnson、Marcia、K. 项目总结(见说明)： 心理体验涉及来自各种来源的活跃信息(感知、想象、推论、 回忆、情感)。因为来自不同来源的要素和过程存在重叠 根据要素的源对要素进行编码、恢复和评估并不完美，可能会发生错误属性 (知觉错觉、记忆扭曲、虚假记忆、虚构)。我们的目标是理解认知 解释真实和虚假情节(自传体)记忆的过程和条件：源记忆 对特征进行编码并将其关联(绑定)到复杂记忆中的过程，并对其进行唤醒和评估 我们的研究由源代码监控框架(SMF)指导， 它识别认知过程、信息类型(例如，特征)和相关的大脑 一起为正常的源内存提供服务，并为研究源内存可能的情况提供了重点 受伤了。特别是，我们的研究计划旨在了解源监控过程是如何 受正常衰老的影响。来自脑损伤患者和神经成像的证据表明，前额叶 大脑皮质(PFC)是编码、唤醒和评估记忆的关键，而PFC的一个关键功能是 调节与记忆有关的其他大脑区域(如海马体、后脑代表区)的活动。 此外，越来越多的证据表明，与年龄相关的PFC功能变化有助于与年龄相关的 情节记忆力下降。使用认知、行为和功能磁共振成像(FMRI) 方法，拟议的项目有三个主要目标：(1)进一步表征年龄相关的差异在 从属于源记忆的认知过程，即那些影响编码、重现、 和对情景记忆的评估；(2)识别特定认知功能的不同神经基础 源记忆的重要性，它们如何相互作用，以及它们如何受到老化的影响；(3)进一步澄清 在认知和神经水平上，源记忆的客观和主观测量之间的关系以及如何 它们会随着时间的推移而改变。 相关性(请参阅说明)： 在正常衰老的后果中，最令人苦恼的是记忆力下降。关联的 生产力、身体健康和幸福感的丧失将创造越来越多的关键 随着美国人口不成比例地老龄化，经济和公共卫生问题。 旨在了解记忆功能随年龄变化的神经机制。 项目/

Program Director/Principal Investigator(Last, First, Middle): Johnson, Marcia, K. PROJECT SUMMARY (See instructions): Mental experiences involve active information from various sources (perceptions, imaginations, inferences, memories, emotions). Because there is overlap in the features arising from different sources and the processes that encode, revive, and evaluate features with respect to their source are not perfect, misattributions can occur (perceptual illusions, memory distortions, false memories, confabulations). Our goal is understanding the cognitive processes and conditions that account for true and false episodic (autobiographical) memories: source memory processes that encode features and associate (bind) them into complex memories, and that revive and evaluate them later (i.e., as we make attributions).Our research is guided by the Source Monitoring Framework (SMF), which identifies cognitive processes, types of information (e.g., features), and associated brain correlates that together serve normal source memory and provides a focus for investigating how source memory might be impaired. In particular, our research program is directed at understanding how source monitoring processes are affected by normal aging. Evidence from brain damaged patients and from neuroimaging suggests that prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for encoding, reviving, and evaluating memories, and that a critical function of PFC is to modulate activity in other brain regions (e.g., hippocampus, posterior representational areas) involved in memory. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that age-related changes in function in PFC contribute to age-related declines in episodic memory. Using cognitive behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, the proposed project has three main goals: (1) To further characterize age-related differences in the cognitive processes subserving source memory, that is, those processes that affect the quality of encoding, revival, and evaluation of episodic memories; (2) To identify distinct neural bases of specific cognitive functions important for source memory, how they interact, and how they are affected by aging; (3) To further clarify the relation, at both cognitive and neural levels, between objective and subjective measures of source memory and how they change withage. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Among the consequences of normal aging, one of the most distressing is decline in memory. The associated loss of productivity, physical health, and sense of well-being will create an increasing number of critical economic and public health issues as the US population grows disproportionately older.This proposal is directed at understanding the neural mechanisms that underlie changes in memory function with age. PROJECT/