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fMRI Studies of Age-related Changes in Executive Processing

执行过程中与年龄相关的变化的功能磁共振成像研究

基本信息

批准号：
8626449
负责人：
Marcia K. Johnson
金额：
$ 40.96万
依托单位：
YALE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-01 至 2016-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8626449
关键词：
Affect Age-associated memory impairment Aging Agreement Animals Area Biological Markers Brain Brain Injuries Brain region Cognition Cognitive Complex Comprehension Decision Making Elderly Event Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Group Processes Impaired cognition Individual Individual Differences Laboratories Lesion Maps Measures Memory Metabolic Neurons Neuropsychological Tests Patients Pattern Perception Performance Personal Satisfaction Pharmaceutical Preparations Prefrontal Cortex Problem Solving Process Productivity Public Health Reporting Research Personnel Role Short-Term Memory Social Interaction Specific qualifier value Taxonomy Treatment Efficacy Work age related aging population base cognitive function executive function experience frontal lobe interest long term memory neuroimaging neuromechanism neuropathology neuropsychological normal aging physical conditioning public health relevance relating to nervous system therapy development young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Normal aging is accompanied by reduced cognitive functioning that can have a broad impact on older adults' lives, including work, social interactions, and managing daily tasks such as finances. Perhaps one of the most common subjective complaints is problems with working memory and long term memory. A major factor contributing to such age-related decline is impaired functioning of the executive processes by which information is maintained and manipulated during higher-order cognitive activities such as comprehension, memory, decision-making and problem-solving. There is accumulating evidence converging on the critical role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the executive processes involved in such cognitive activities, and there is increasing evidence that PFC shows functional organization with respect to the processes engaged. There is also evidence that a primary role of PFC is to modulate activity in other brain regions, including those involved in initial perception and the encoding of enduring representations of experienced events. Aging disproportionately affects the PFC, compared to other brain regions, and structural, functional, and metabolic changes have been associated with cognitive dysfunction. There are a growing number of reports of positive correlations between older adults' cognitive performance and scores on cognitive tasks sensitive to executive function, and fMRI studies showing age-related differences in PFC and posterior area activity during cognitive tasks, including tasks assessing executive function. A common goal of investigators working on executive function is to characterize the functional organization of PFC with respect to individual processes, groups of related functions, and/or an area's role in modulating other areas during tasks requiring control. Yet, in spite of increasing interest in these topics, there is still little agreement on a single workable taxonomy of executive functions, how specific regions of frontal cortex map onto specific executive processes, or the dynamic networks that support them. One possible reason is that many of the laboratory tasks traditionally used to tap executive functions are complex---involving multiple component executive processes and subject to potential strategy differences across groups. The proposed project will thus use simple tasks to advance four broad aims: (1) To further specify the component cognitive processes involved in executive function; (2) To identify their neural bases, including functional networks between brain regions; (3) To assess how component processes and underlying neural activity are affected by aging; (4) To examine how individual differences in performance on measures of executive function relate to differences in patterns of brain activity (and connectivity) related to component executive processes.

描述（由申请人提供）：正常衰老伴随着认知功能下降，这可能对老年人的生活产生广泛影响，包括工作、社交互动和管理财务等日常任务。也许最常见的主观抱怨之一是工作记忆和长期记忆问题。导致这种与年龄相关的衰退的一个主要因素是执行过程功能受损，在理解、记忆、决策和解决问题等高阶认知活动中，执行过程是维持和操纵信息的。越来越多的证据表明前额叶皮层 (PFC) 在参与此类认知活动的执行过程中发挥着关键作用，并且越来越多的证据表明 PFC 在所涉及的过程中显示出功能性组织。还有证据表明，PFC 的主要作用是调节其他大脑区域的活动，包括参与初始感知和对经历事件的持久表征进行编码的区域。与其他大脑区域相比，衰老对前额皮质的影响尤为严重，并且结构、功能和代谢的变化与认知功能障碍有关。越来越多的报告表明，老年人的认知表现和对执行功能敏感的认知任务得分之间存在正相关性，功能磁共振成像研究显示，在认知任务（包括评估执行功能的任务）中，前额叶皮层和后区活动与年龄相关。研究执行功能的研究者的一个共同目标是描述 PFC 功能组织的特征，包括单个流程、相关功能组和/或在需要控制的任务期间调节其他区域的区域角色。然而，尽管人们对这些主题越来越感兴趣，但对于执行功能的单一可行分类法、额叶皮层的特定区域如何映射到特定的执行过程或支持它们的动态网络，仍然没有达成一致。一个可能的原因是，许多传统上用于开发执行功能的实验室任务都很复杂——涉及多个组件执行流程，并且受不同群体之间潜在策略差异的影响。因此，拟议的项目将使用简单的任务来推进四个广泛的目标：（1）进一步明确执行功能所涉及的组成认知过程； (2) 识别其神经基础，包括大脑区域之间的功能网络； (3) 评估衰老如何影响组成过程和潜在的神经活动； (4) 研究执行功能测量中表现的个体差异如何与组件执行过程相关的大脑活动（和连接性）模式的差异相关。