QUEST Deglaciation: Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles during the last deglaciation.

该项目的目标是研究末次盛冰期（LGM: 21000年前）以来气候与生物地球化学循环之间的双向相互作用。在理解和模拟末次冰期-间冰期气候对外部强迫的响应方面已经付出了相当大的努力，包括在关键时期（特别是LGM和中全新世，通过古气候模拟比较项目，PMIP）对强迫的平衡响应和通过消冰的瞬态响应方面（几个RAPID项目的重点）。已有关于气候变化对微量气体和气溶胶排放影响的研究，其中大多数集中在LGM的极端状态上。现在，最近的模拟发展使研究生物地球化学对短暂气候变化的反应，以及研究气溶胶和微量气体变化对气候系统的反馈成为可能。我们将使用FAMOUS（哈德利中心模型的低分辨率版本）作为瞬态模拟实验的主要平台，研究从末次冰期到现在间冰期过渡期间的生物地球化学响应和反馈。这项建模工作将通过使用GENIE-IGCM的额外模拟加以补充，这将使我们能够研究不确定性。模拟生物地球化学循环的一个先决条件是需要对过去气候本身的准确表示。因此，我们提出了两个相互关联的活动：(a)模拟LGM和全新世之间的气候变化，并利用现有和新的古数据综合评估这些模拟，以确定这些模型是否能够充分代表区域气候变化；(b)在地球系统模型中开发生物地球化学过程的表示，并开发用于评估生物地球化学循环模拟变化的补充数据集。

The goal of the project is to investigate the two-way interactions between climate and biogeochemical cycling since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM: 21,000 years ago). Considerable effort has been made on understanding and modelling the climate responses to external forcing during the last glacial-interglacial cycle, both in terms of the equilibrium response to forcing at key times (specifically the LGM and the mid-Holocene, through the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, PMIP) and aspects of the transient response through the deglaciation (a focus of several RAPID projects). There have been studies of the impact of climate changes on trace gas and aerosol emissions, most of which have focussed on the extreme state of the LGM. Recent modelling developments now make it possible to examine the biogeochemical response to transient climate changes, and to examine the feedbacks of changes in aerosols and trace gases on the climate system. We will use FAMOUS (a low-resolution version of the Hadley Centre model) as a primary platform for transient modelling experiments to investigate biogeochemical responses and feedbacks through the transition from the last glacial to the present interglacial epoch. This modelling work will be complemented by additional simulations using GENIE-IGCM which will allow us to investigate uncertainties. A pre-requisite for simulating the biogeochemical cycles is the need for an accurate representation of past climates itself. Therefore we propose two interrelated activities: (a) simulation of climate changes for periods between the LGM and Holocene and evaluation of these simulations using existing and new palaeodata syntheses to determine if the models are able to represent regional climate changes adequately, and (b) development of representations of biogeochemical processes within Earth System models and of complementary data sets that will be used to evaluate the simulated changes in biogeochemical cycles.