Effects of Aging on Memory for Source of Information

项目负责人/主要研究者（最后一名、第一名、中间名）：约翰逊、Marcia、K。 项目总结（见说明）： 心理体验涉及来自各种来源的积极信息（感知，想象，推理， 记忆、情感）。由于不同来源和过程产生的特征存在重叠， 相对于其来源对要素进行编码、恢复和评估并不完美，可能会发生错误归因 （知觉错觉、记忆扭曲、错误记忆、虚构）。我们的目标是理解 解释真实和虚假情景（自传）记忆的过程和条件：源记忆 对特征进行编码并将其关联（绑定）到复杂记忆中的过程，以及恢复和评估 他们后来（即，我们的研究是由来源监测框架（SMF）指导的， 其识别认知过程，信息类型（例如，特征），相关的大脑相关， 一起服务于正常的源记忆，并为研究源记忆如何可能提供了焦点。 受损特别是，我们的研究计划旨在了解源监测过程是如何 受正常衰老的影响。来自脑损伤患者和神经影像学的证据表明， 皮质（PFC）对于编码、恢复和评估记忆至关重要，PFC的一个关键功能是 调节其他脑区域的活动（例如，海马，后代表区）参与记忆。 此外，越来越多的证据表明，PFC功能的年龄相关变化有助于与年龄相关的 情景记忆的衰退使用认知行为和功能磁共振成像（fMRI） 方法，拟议的项目有三个主要目标：（1）进一步表征年龄相关的差异， 有助于源记忆的认知过程，也就是那些影响编码质量的过程，复活， （2）识别特定认知功能的不同神经基础 重要的来源记忆，它们如何相互作用，以及它们如何受到衰老的影响;（3）为了进一步阐明 在认知和神经水平上，源记忆的客观和主观测量之间的关系，以及源记忆如何在大脑中发挥作用。 他们随着年龄的增长而改变。 相关性（参见说明）： 在正常衰老的后果中，最令人痛苦的是记忆力下降。相关联的 生产力、身体健康和幸福感的丧失将导致越来越多的关键性疾病， 经济和公共卫生问题，因为美国人口不成比例地增长老龄化。这一建议是 旨在了解记忆功能随年龄变化的神经机制。 项目/

Program Director/Principal Investigator(Last, First, Middle): Johnson, Marcia, K. PROJECT SUMMARY (See instructions): Mental experiences involve active information from various sources (perceptions, imaginations, inferences, memories, emotions). Because there is overlap in the features arising from different sources and the processes that encode, revive, and evaluate features with respect to their source are not perfect, misattributions can occur (perceptual illusions, memory distortions, false memories, confabulations). Our goal is understanding the cognitive processes and conditions that account for true and false episodic (autobiographical) memories: source memory processes that encode features and associate (bind) them into complex memories, and that revive and evaluate them later (i.e., as we make attributions).Our research is guided by the Source Monitoring Framework (SMF), which identifies cognitive processes, types of information (e.g., features), and associated brain correlates that together serve normal source memory and provides a focus for investigating how source memory might be impaired. In particular, our research program is directed at understanding how source monitoring processes are affected by normal aging. Evidence from brain damaged patients and from neuroimaging suggests that prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for encoding, reviving, and evaluating memories, and that a critical function of PFC is to modulate activity in other brain regions (e.g., hippocampus, posterior representational areas) involved in memory. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that age-related changes in function in PFC contribute to age-related declines in episodic memory. Using cognitive behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, the proposed project has three main goals: (1) To further characterize age-related differences in the cognitive processes subserving source memory, that is, those processes that affect the quality of encoding, revival, and evaluation of episodic memories; (2) To identify distinct neural bases of specific cognitive functions important for source memory, how they interact, and how they are affected by aging; (3) To further clarify the relation, at both cognitive and neural levels, between objective and subjective measures of source memory and how they change withage. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Among the consequences of normal aging, one of the most distressing is decline in memory. The associated loss of productivity, physical health, and sense of well-being will create an increasing number of critical economic and public health issues as the US population grows disproportionately older.This proposal is directed at understanding the neural mechanisms that underlie changes in memory function with age. PROJECT/