Project 3: The neurobiology of adverse early care in rhesus infants....

项目3使用非人类灵长类动物的早期生活应激(ELS)模型，其形式是不利的早期护理 提供有关其神经发育影响的信息，这些方法不能用于 幼儿在该中心的人类项目(1和2)中学习。通过将我们的恒河猴项目嵌套在 关于暴露于ELS的幼儿的可比工作，并使用可比的行为测量 在物种和生理学上，我们处于独特的地位，可以利用神经发育的发现来 了解ELS对年轻灵长类动物神经系统的影响。我们选择了一个非人类模型 不利的早期护理，产妇虐待，与人类虐待惊人地相似。这个 项目3的目标发育期是出生到18个月，相当于出生到6-7岁 在我们的人类项目中有针对性的时间。在这两个物种中，这一发育期是大脑的快速发育期 发展被认为容易受到ELS的影响。 项目3将评估中心的所有目标：(1)测试ELS使发展压力敏感的假设--以及 威胁反应系统，并改变涉及情绪的前额叶回路的发展--以及 注意-调节；以及(2)考察与这种敏感化有关的照顾的维度 压力和威胁应对系统。项目3与项目1(寄养)和 2(后制度化)。在目标1中，使用血浆皮质醇和ACTH来评估应激系统的活性 脑脊液测定神经肽(CRF、AVP)和单胺能功能；情绪变化 行为(恐惧、焦虑)是通过观察社会群体和实验室挑战来评估的； 前额叶注意和行为调节功能使用注意调节任务(ID/ED)进行评估 移位)、冲动(物体提取/迂回)和行为抑制控制(增强剂贬值)； ELS对神经发育的影响通过结构MRI、DTI和MRS在AIM 2中进行了评估 对行为的评估侧重于社会观察中的敏感性和拒绝维度 小组和使用定性收视率的录像带。这个项目吸引了中心的所有五个核心。

Project 3 uses a nonhuman primate model of early life stress (ELS) in the form of adverse early care to provide information on its neurodevelopmental impact using methods that cannot be used with the very young children studied in the Center's human projects (1 & 2). By nesting our rhesus project in the context of comparable work on young children exposed to ELS, and by using comparable measures of behavior and physiology across species, we are in a unique position to use the neurodevelopmental findings to understand the neural systems impacted by ELS in young primates. We have chosen a nonhuman model of adverse early care, maternal maltreatment, with striking resemblance to human maltreatment. The targeted developmental period in Project 3 is birth through 18 mos, which corresponds to the birth to 6-7 yr period targeted in our human projects. In both species this developmental period is one of rapid brain development believed to be vulnerable to ELS impact. Project 3 will assess all Center aims: (1) to test the hypothesis that ELS sensitizes developing stress- and threat-response systems and alters the development of prefrontal circuits involved in emotion- and attention-regulation; and (2) to examine the dimensions of caregiving associatedwith this sensitization of stress- and threat-response systems. Project 3 shares aims and methods with Projects 1 (foster care) and 2 (post-institutionalization). In Aim 1 stress system activity is assessed using plasma cortisol and ACTH and CSF measures of neuropeptides (CRF, AVP) and moncaminergic function; alterations in emotional behavior (fear, anxiety) are assessed from observations in the social groups and laboratory challenges; prefrontal attention- and behavior-regulatory function is assessed using tasks of attention regulation (ID/ED shift), impulsivity (Object Retrieval/Detour) and inhibitory control of behavior (Reinforcer Devaluation); effects of ELS on neurodevelopment are assessed by structural MRI, DTI and MRS. In Aim 2, caregiving behavior is assessedfocusing on the sensitivity and rejection dimensions from observations in the social groups and from videotapes using qualitative ratings. This project draws all five cores of the Center.