The role of exercise in vaccine-mediated immunity

运动增强疫苗诱导的抗原特异性T细胞反应。有规律的适度运动被提出用来增强免疫功能，但其对免疫的影响及其后果还没有得到很好的研究。通过鼻腔或皮下接种模型抗原(卵白蛋白，OVA)，分别针对黏膜和全身免疫区段，接种不能接触自愿跑轮的小鼠(AL+EX)。增强卵清蛋白特异性的CD4+T细胞细胞因子的产生和在所有淋巴器官中的增殖，检查没有改变任何器官中的细胞分布。这些结果表明，将适度运动与疫苗接种相结合，可以提高疫苗预防和/或治疗多种疾病的效果。在另一项研究中，能量限制和运动不同地增强了小鼠的系统和粘膜免疫成分。肥胖症是包括癌症在内的几种慢性病的既定风险因素，在过去40年里，肥胖症的患病率急剧上升。改变饮食和/或增加体力活动是预防或逆转肥胖最常用的基于生活方式的策略。改变饮食和运动可能会增强几个生理系统之一，免疫系统就是其中之一。本项目考察了能量限制(ER；相对于控制能量摄入减少30%)和/或EX(自动车轮运行)对系统和粘膜免疫功能的影响。将雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4种处理条件：1)自由进食对照组(AL)；2)接触跑轮的AL(AL+EX)；3)30%ER；4)30%ER+EX(ER+EX)。ER和EX均能降低脾重量和T、B淋巴细胞数量(P&lt；0.05)。ER可增强NK细胞功能，但显著抑制ConA诱导的T细胞增殖(P&lt；0.05)。相反，艾司匹林能显著增强ConA诱导的Peyers斑块细胞的增殖和细胞因子的产生(P&lt；0.05)。这些数据表明，ER和EX增强了免疫系统的某些组成部分，但不是全部，可能是通过不同的生物机制来调节NK和T细胞的功能。

Exercise enhances vaccine-induced antigen-specific T cell responses. Regular moderate exercise has been proposed to enhance immune function, but its effects on immunity and their consequences have not been well studied. Mice without (AL) or with access (AL + EX) to voluntary running wheels were vaccinated with a model antigen (ovalbumin (OVA)) via intranasal or subcutaneous routes to target the mucosal and systemic immune compartments, respectively. EX-enhanced OVA-specific CD4+ T cell cytokine production and proliferation in all lymphoid organs examined without changes in cell distribution in any organ. These results suggest that coupling moderate exercise with vaccination may enhance vaccine efficacy for the prevention and/or therapy of numerous diseases. In another study, energy restriction and exercise differentially enhance components of systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. The prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for several chronic diseases including cancer, has risen dramatically over the past four decades. Dietary change and/or increased physical activity are the most commonly recommended lifestyle-based strategies for preventing or reversing obesity. One of several physiological systems that may be enhanced by dietary change and exercise is the immune system. This project examines the effects of energy restriction (ER; 30% reduction relative to control energy intake) and/or EX (voluntary-wheel running) on systemic and mucosal immune function. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four treatment conditions: 1) controls consuming food ad libitum (AL); 2) AL with access to running wheels (AL+EX); 3) 30% ER; and 4) 30% ER with access to running wheels (ER+EX). Both ER and EX reduced spleen weight and the number of splenic T and B lymphocytes (P<0.05). ER enhanced NK cell function, but significantly reduced Con A-induced T cell proliferation (P<0.05). In contrast, EX significantly enhanced Con A-induced proliferation and cytokine production from Peyers patch cells (P<0.05). These data suggest that ER and EX enhance some, but not all components of the immune system, and are likely working via different biological mechanisms to regulate NK and T cell function.