Surgical Instrument Guide-MEMS (SIG-MEMS)

描述（由申请人提供）：自25年前最早发展以来，微创腹腔镜手术已经消除了传统手术的长切口。腹腔镜手术的发展和器械的改进，使得腹腔镜手术的创伤性更小，导致了腹腔镜单部位手术（less），在泌尿外科中很常见。LESS技术，随着治疗性柔性内窥镜在治疗胃肠道疾病方面的能力不断增强，增加了对更少侵入性替代方法的需求，例如自然孔腔内窥镜手术（NOTES），经阴道、经胃、经直肠和经膀胱入路在动物模型中得到证实。然而，成功的LESS和NOTES技术需要在有限空间内操作且互不干扰的高级仪器。智能光学系统（IOS）提出了一种外科器械指南-MEMS （SIG-MEMS）的发展，用于新兴的LESS和NOTES应用。该设备将通过非接触、被动、光学测距来跟踪人体内的手术器械。它将提供器官与接近的器械尖端之间距离的信息，并将这些信息反馈给外科医生。提出的SIG-MEMS将在光学上产生两个空间分离的图像来执行三角测量计算，但只使用一个成像通道，而不像传统的立体设备使用两个通道。由于其尺寸小，重量轻，传感器可以集成到手术工具中，也可以作为系统的一个独立部分，提供视觉反馈和仪器跟踪功能。在第一阶段，智能光学系统将展示桌面原型，在第二阶段将开发可拆卸的SIG-MEMS原型，可以集成到手术工具中。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Since its earliest developments over 25 years ago, minimally-invasive laparoscopic surgery has eliminated the long gashes of traditional surgery. The development of laparoscopic procedures, and the refinement of instrumentation, has made laparoscopic surgery less invasive, resulting in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS), common in urology. The LESS technique, along with the growing capabilities of therapeutic flexible endoscopy in treating gastrointestinal conditions, has increased the desire for even less invasive alternatives, such as natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), which has been demonstrated in animal models via transvaginal, transgastric, transrectal, and transvesical approaches. A successful LESS and NOTES technique, however, requires superior instrumentation that will be manipulated in confined space and does not interfere with each other. Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) proposes the development of a Surgical Instrument Guide - MEMS (SIG-MEMS) for emerging LESS and NOTES applications. The proposed device will be used for tracking a surgical instrument within a human body, via noncontact, passive, optical range finding. It will provide information on distances between an organ and an approaching instrument tip, and will feed this information back to the surgeon. The proposed SIG-MEMS will optically produce two spatially separated images to perform a triangulation calculation, but will use only one imaging channel -- unlike conventional stereo-devices, which use two channels. Because of its small dimensions and light weight, the sensor can be incorporated into a surgical tool, or can be a stand-alone part of the system, providing visual feedback and instrument tracking capabilities. In Phase I, Intelligent Optical Systems will demonstrate the tabletop prototype, and in Phase II will develop a detachable SIG-MEMS prototype that can be incorporated into surgical tools. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The major application of the SIG-MEMS will be for use in the new emerging procedures of minimally invasive surgery such as LESS and NOTES. It will warn the surgeon when the instrument is approaching a vital part of the tissue, and will simultaneously provide important instrument positioning information in relation to other instruments.