Antecedents of Secure Base Script Knowledge, Infancy to Adolescence

描述（由申请人提供）：提议的研究考察了童年和青少年与母亲和父亲照顾者的经历在多大程度上塑造了个人对重要他人在挑战环境下可能提供、响应和帮助的程度的基本期望。越来越多的证据表明，这些期望——反映在安全基础脚本知识的变化上——代表了在成熟岁月中支持健康心理调整的基本心理资源。（安全的基本脚本知识反映在个人生成叙述的能力上，在这些叙述中，遇到了与依恋相关的事件，明确地传达了对援助的需求，提供了有能力的帮助，并解决了问题）。我们的建议旨在提供关于安全基础文字知识的发展起源的第一个证据，从婴儿期到青春期后期的主要照顾者的人际交往经验。更具体地说，拟议的研究利用了一个无与伦比的机会，通过使用现有的NICHD早期儿童保育和青少年发展纵向研究（SECCYD）样本来解决有关安全基本文字知识发展基础的未解决问题。大约850名SECCYD参与者从婴儿期一直被跟踪到17.5岁，在这个时候，我们最近进行了成人依恋访谈（AAI），这是一项资源密集型的协议，用于检查成年人能够在多大程度上产生内在一致的、连贯的关于他们早期童年经历的叙述。尽管超出了支持我们最近工作的R01基金的范围，在17.5岁时，我们还对亲自评估的参与者子集（n=660）进行了附件脚本评估（ASA）（但尚未编码）。青少年版的ASA是一种相对较新的、易于管理的、具有成本效益的评估方法，用于衡量母亲和父亲照顾者的安全基础脚本知识。尽管越来越多的证据表明ASA具有优异的心理测量特性，包括重测信度（Vaughn et al., 2006）、与下一代照顾行为和依恋安全相关的预测效度(Bost et al., 2006；Verrmssimo & Salvaterra, 2006)，以及AAI的趋同效度（Waters & Waters, 2006），到目前为止，还没有关于儿童和青少年与主要照顾者经历中安全基础知识根源的纵向数据。拟议拨款将支持17.5岁SECCYD队列中收集的asa相关编码和分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research examines the degree to which childhood and adolescent experiences with maternal and paternal caregivers shape individuals' basic expectations about the degree to which significant others are likely to be available, responsive, and helpful under challenging circumstances. There is increasing evidence that these expectations-which are reflected in variation in secure base script knowledge-represent fundamental psychological resources in terms of supporting healthy psychological adjustment in the years of maturity. (Secure base script knowledge is reflected in an individual's ability to generate narratives in which attachment-relevant events are encountered, a clear need for assistance is communicated, competent help is provided, and the problem is resolved). Our proposal seeks to provide the very first evidence regarding the developmental origins of secure base script knowledge in interpersonal experiences with primary caregivers from infancy through late adolescence. More specifically, the proposed study takes advantage of an unparalleled opportunity to address unresolved questions about the developmental foundations of secure base script knowledge by using the existing longitudinal NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) sample. Approximately 850 SECCYD participants have been followed from infancy through age 17.5, at which time we recently administered the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), a resource-intensive protocol that examines the degree to which adults are able to produce internally consistent, coherent narratives about their early childhood experiences. Although beyond the scope of the R01 grant that supported our recent work, at age 17.5 we also administered (but have not yet coded) the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA) to a sub-set of participants assessed in-person (n=660). The adolescent version of the ASA is a relatively new, easy to administer, and cost-effective assessment that measures secure base script knowledge with respect to maternal and paternal caregivers. Although there is increasing evidence that the ASA has excellent psychometric properties, including test-retest reliability (Vaughn et al., 2006), predictive validity in relation to caregiving behaviors and attachment security in the next generation (Bost et al., 2006; Verrmssimo & Salvaterra, 2006), and convergent validity with the AAI (Waters & Waters, 2006), there is thus far no longitudinal data available on the roots of secure base knowledge in childhood and adolescent experiences with primary caregivers. The proposed grant will support coding and analysis related to ASAs collected from the SECCYD cohort at age 17.5. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research examines the degree to which childhood and adolescent experiences with maternal and paternal caregivers shape individuals' basic expectations about the degree to which significant others are likely to be available, responsive, and helpful under challenging circumstances. There is increasing evidence that these expectations-which are reflected in variation in secure base script knowledge-represent fundamental psychological resources in terms of supporting healthy psychological adjustment in the years of maturity. Our proposal seeks to provide the very first evidence regarding the origins of secure base script knowledge in interpersonal experiences with primary caregivers from infancy through late adolescence, Aims fundamental to the goals of NIH generally and the EKS NICHD in particular.