Electrocorticographic studies of human cortical function

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的总体目标是在两年内证明DARPA革命性上肢假体的人类闭环控制，基于皮质电图（ECoG）信号的实时解码。在视觉反馈下，我们的人类受试者将实现对假肢的足够皮层控制，以伸出、抓住和操纵真实的物体。我们的合作团队将建立在其丰富的经验，开发和测试神经控制算法的模块化假肢（MPL，由JHU- APL开发），这产生了参与DARPA赞助的RP 2009计划。基于我们独特的专业知识和经验的结合，我们准备迎接RFA的大挑战，采用创新的方法，在人类受试者和动物中进行平行实验。虽然我们在植入患者中开发和测试基于ECoG的神经控制算法以用于癫痫手术的临床目的，但动物中的平行研究将提供更一致和长期的实验时间来验证控制算法，并允许对电极放置和配置进行更深入的研究，包括研究皮质内记录的尖峰和局部场电位（LFP）与表面记录的ECoG之间的关系。 我们将测试这样的假设，即假肢的开环和闭环控制都可以使用不同时间和频率尺度下的ECoG频谱特征来实现，例如，低频用于缓慢和/或粗略的运动，高频（> 70 Hz）用于快速和/或个性化的运动。基于这些特征，受试者将使用假肢在3D空间中执行中心外伸任务，协调抓取需要不同手部构造的物体，这些手部构造包括手腕和5个手指动作。大脑控制将通过ECoG的实时信号处理和在目标肢体运动的闭环视觉反馈下的假肢驱动来实现。闭环控制将首先使用假肢的虚拟现实模型进行演示，然后使用JHU-APL模块化假肢本身。将通过成功率、试验完成时间、与原生肢体运动的轨迹/抓握形状相似性和总体学习/适应率等指标评估结局。 公共卫生相关性：该项目将证明使用大脑表面非穿透电极记录的信号的可行性，使失去手臂和/或手功能的患者能够直观地控制一种革命性的新型假肢，该假肢具有比以前可用的假肢更大的多功能性和逼真的灵活性。这可能会对未来几代患者寻求用逼真的假肢恢复失去的上肢功能的能力产生深远的长期影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our overall goal is to demonstrate within two years human closed-loop control of the DARPA Revolutionizing Upper Limb Prosthesis, based on real-time decoding of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals. Under visual feedback, our human subjects will achieve sufficient cortical control of the prosthesis to reach out, grasp, and manipulate real objects. Our collaborative team will build on its substantial experience in developing and testing neural control algorithms for the Modular Prosthetic Limb (MPL, developed by JHU- APL), which arose from participation in the DARPA-sponsored RP2009 program. Based on our unique combination of expertise and experience, we are poised to meet the RFA's Grand Challenge with an innovative approach using parallel experiments in human subjects and in animals. While we develop and test ECoG- based neural control algorithms in patients implanted for the clinical aims of epilepsy surgery, parallel studies in animals will afford more consistent and long-term experimental time to validate the control algorithms, and allow deeper investigation into electrode placement and configuration, including investigating the relationship between intra-cortically recorded spikes and local field potentials (LFPs) and surface-recorded ECoG. We will test the hypothesis that both open- and closed-loop control of the prosthetic limb can be achieved using ECoG spectral features at different time and frequency scales, e.g. low frequencies for slow and/or coarse movements and high frequencies (> 70 Hz) for rapid and/or individuated movements. Based on these features, subjects will use the prosthetic limb to perform a center-out reach task in 3D space with coordinated grasping of objects requiring different hand conformations that incorporate both wrist and 5 finger actions. Brain control will be implemented with real-time signal processing of ECoG and actuation of the prosthetic limb under closed-loop visual feedback of object-targeted limb movements. Closed-loop control will be first demonstrated using a virtual reality model of the prosthetic limb and subsequently using the JHU-APL modular prosthetic limb itself. Outcomes will be assessed with measures of success rate, time to trial completion, trajectory/grasp-shape similarity to native limb movements, and overall learning/adaptation rate. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Project Narrative This project will demonstrate the feasibility of using the signals recorded from non-penetrating electrodes on the surface of the brain to allow patients who have lost arm and/or hand function to intuitively control a revolutionary new prosthetic limb with far greater versatility and life-like dexterity than previously available prostheses. This could have a profound long-term impact on the ability of future generations of patients seeking to restore lost upper limb function with a lifelike prosthesis.