Family Leave and Parents of Newborn Infants or CSHCN

描述（由申请人提供）：随着双亲家庭越来越多地成为双收入家庭，单亲家庭越来越普遍，解决工作和家庭之间的冲突对儿童健康至关重要。家庭休假政策允许父母与新生儿建立联系或照顾生病的孩子。2004年7月，加州实施了带薪家庭假保险（PFLI）计划——这是美国十多年来第一个重要的新家庭假政策——成为第一个保证大多数雇员享有带薪家庭假的州。PFLI的影响还不清楚，因为父母如何权衡就业和休假的成本和收益与孩子的需求之间的关系还没有被描述出来。本申请的目的是阐明新生儿和有特殊保健需要的儿童（CSHCN）的父母的工作-家庭决策过程，并为研究儿童健康的社会决定因素（包括工作-家庭政策）的临床后果的职业生涯做准备。具体目的是检验：(1)哪些因素影响新生儿父母或CSHCN父母的休假和就业决策；(2)休假（或寻找、改变、减少或辞职）如何影响儿童的健康和保健、父母的情绪健康和家庭的财务健康；(3)医生、护士和社会工作者的干预是否能影响父母对休假选择的认识和使用，帮助父母解决工作与家庭冲突，改善儿童的健康和保健、父母的情绪健康和家庭的财务健康。第一阶段将包括父母焦点小组，第二阶段将对新生儿或住院儿童的父母进行访谈和纵向随访，第三阶段将对父母进行基于医院的随机对照干预。职业发展活动将包括经济学、社会学和研究方法的课程。长期职业目标包括起草研究报告，评估公共工作-家庭政策对健康的影响，并针对这些政策制定有效的临床对策。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As 2-parent families have become increasingly 2-income, and as single-parent families have become more common, resolving conflicts between work and family has become critical for child health. Family leave policies allow parents to bond with a newborn infant or to care for an ill child. In July 2004, California implemented the Paid Family Leave Insurance (PFLI) program - the first major new family leave policy in the U.S. in over a decade - becoming the first state to guarantee paid family leave to most employees. What effects PFLI will have remain unclear, because how parents weigh the costs and benefits of employment and leave against the needs of their children has not been characterized. The goals in this application are to elucidate the work-family decision-making processes of parents of newborn infants and children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and to prepare for a career studying the clinical ramifications of social determinants of child health (including work-family policies). The specific aims are to examine: (1) what factors influence decisions about leave-taking and employment among parents of newborn infants or of CSHCN; (2) how taking leave (or seeking, changing, reducing, or quitting work) affects child's health and health care, parents' emotional wellbeing, and family's financial health; and (3) whether an intervention among physicians, nurses, and social workers can affect parents' knowledge and use of leave options, help parents address work-family conflicts, and improve child's health and health care, parents' emotional wellbeing, and family's financial health. Phase I will include parent focus groups, Phase II will be interviews and longitudinal follow-ups of parents with newborn or hospitalized children, and Phase III will be a hospital- based randomized controlled intervention for parents. Career development activities will include coursework in economics, sociology, and research methods. Long-term career goals include crafting studies evaluating the health effects of public work-family policies and developing effective clinical responses to these policies.