COBRE P4: BIODIESEL AND PETROLEUM DIESEL

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 由于生物柴油对人类健康和环境的危害较小，人们对使用生物柴油取代石油柴油的兴趣越来越大。多项尾气排放研究表明，与传统石油柴油相比，使用混合生物柴油可以减少一氧化碳、颗粒物和碳氢化合物的排放。然而，不太清楚的是，减少尾气排放是否会转化为减少职业和环境暴露，或者减少健康风险。排放数据和减少外国石油进口带来的政治好处促使各组织转向生物柴油混合燃料。2008年美国生物柴油总产量预计在5亿至6亿加仑之间(McCormick 2008)。尽管缺乏接触和对人类健康影响的研究，产量还是出现了这种增长(Swanson等人。2007)。 我们实验室最近的研究表明，20%生物柴油/80%石油柴油(B20)可将空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)的暴露浓度降低约60%。相反，B20的使用显示出有机碳浓度增加了370%。然而，这些有机物的化学性质尚未得到表征。该项目描述了柴油/生物柴油在非道路应用中的职业和环境暴露情况，重点是细颗粒物和超细颗粒物。对“真实世界”暴露的测量为评估工人和当地公众的潜在健康风险提供了宝贵的数据，而且往往是风险评估过程中的薄弱环节。我们将具体研究以下假设：控制生物柴油(B20 B50)的混合百分比将导致PM2.5总质量显著减少；PM2.5形态显著不同；剧毒有机碳物种(PAH‘s和n-PAH’s)显著减少。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. There is a growing interest in the use of biodiesel to replace petroleum diesel fuel as biodiesel has been suggested to pose less risk to human health and the environment. Multiple tailpipe emissions studies have determined use of biodiesel blends reduces emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and hydrocarbons compared to traditional petroleum diesel. However, it is less clear whether reduction of tailpipe emissions will translate into reduced occupational and environmental exposures, or reduced health risk. The emissions data and perceived political benefits of reducing foreign oil imports have motivated organizations to switch to biodiesel blends. Total 2008 U.S. biodiesel production volume is expected to be between 500 and 600 million gallons (McCormick 2008). This increase in production has occurred despite a paucity of exposure and human health effects research (Swanson et al. 2007). Recent research in our laboratory demonstrated 20% biodiesel/80% petroleum diesel (B20) use reduced airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure concentrations by approximately 60%. Conversely, B20 use demonstrated a 370% increase in organic carbon concentrations. However, the chemical nature of these organics has not yet been characterized. This project characterizes diesel/biodiesel occupational and environmental exposure profiles in a nonroad application, with a focus on fine and ultrafine particulate matter. Measurement of 'real world' exposures provides valuable data to evaluate potential health risks to workers and the local public, and is often a weak link in the risk assessment process. We will specifically investigate the hypothesis that controlling the blend percentage of biodiesel (B20  B50) will result in significant reductions in total PM2.5 mass; significant differences in PM2.5 morphology; and significant decreases in highly toxic organic carbon species (PAH's & n-PAH's).