Smoking Cessation Across Ethnic Groups in the US

说明(由申请人提供)：与非西班牙裔白人相比，少数族裔承受着与吸烟有关的疾病的不成比例的负担，成年人吸烟率较高，戒烟率较低。戒烟的概念是基于非西班牙裔白人人口，他们是重度吸烟者或每天吸烟者。少数族裔群体更有可能是轻度和间歇性吸烟者，因此我们应该检查我们对戒烟的理解是否适用于这些人群。这一项目的结果将对针对种族/少数民族群体的戒烟计划的设计和重点产生影响。我们建议对当前人口调查和加州烟草调查的烟草使用补充资料进行二次数据分析。所有分析将针对主要种族/族裔群体(非洲裔美国人、亚裔美国人、西班牙裔/拉美裔、土著美国人和非拉美裔白人)及其附属群体(例如，韩裔美国人、墨西哥裔拉美裔等)以及按性别、年龄组、英语语言使用和教育水平进行。具体目标1：在种族/族裔少数群体中，进行群体间和群体内分析，以更好地了解特定人口群体中轻微和间歇性吸烟的情况。A)概述针对种族/民族群体的轻度和间歇性吸烟，特别是尚未发表研究的特定亚裔群体，其中包括亚裔美国人(例如，华裔美国人)和墨西哥裔拉美裔/拉美裔美国人，以及美国不同地理区域的非裔美国人；b)调查州级烟草控制政策对不同种族/民族群体随着时间的推移在全国范围内轻度和间歇性吸烟分布的影响。具体目标2：研究表明，吸烟者可以被归类为戒烟连续体。我们将报告戒烟过程中来自不同种族/民族的吸烟者的人口分布情况。C)假设：与非西班牙裔白人相比，种族/少数民族吸烟者在戒烟连续体上的分布将是倾斜的，似乎他们未来将经历更大的戒烟成功。然而，这与实际较高的戒断成功率无关。这一结果表明，需要重新评估对少数群体戒烟过程的概念化。具体目标3：评估戒烟治疗方式是否适用于少数族裔，特别是轻度吸烟者和间歇性吸烟者。D)我们将评估以前确定的戒烟预测因素的盛行率，例如减少消费、先前戒烟尝试、使用戒烟辅助工具(例如戒烟药物、尼古丁替代疗法)、医生建议戒烟，以及是否存在跨种族/民族的家庭全面禁烟。然后，我们将研究这些因素如何影响跨组的戒烟过程。 公共卫生相关性：这项拟议研究的目标是检查种族/少数族裔群体的戒烟过程，以更好地了解为什么他们的戒烟率低于非西班牙裔白人，因为少数群体更有可能是较轻的和非日常吸烟者。对戒烟过程的传统理解是基于重度吸烟者和日常吸烟者，因此它可能不适用于种族/少数民族群体。我们的发现可能会对如何为少数族裔设计戒烟计划并减少吸烟和吸烟相关疾病的差异产生影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Racial/ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate burden of smoking-related diseases and exhibit higher rates of adult smoking and lower rates of quitting compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Conceptualizations of smoking cessation have been based on Non-Hispanic White populations that are heavy or daily smokers. Racial/ethnic minority groups are more likely to be light and intermittent smokers, thus our understanding of smoking cessation should be examined for their applicability to such populations. Results from this project will have implications for the design and focus of smoking cessation programs for racial/ethnic minority groups. We propose a secondary data analysis of the Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey and the California Tobacco Surveys. All analyses will be conducted for major racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, Native Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites) and their subgroups (e.g., Korean Americans, Hispanics of Mexican descent, etc.), and by gender, age group, English language use, and educational level. Specific Aim 1: Among racial/ethnic minorities, conduct between-group and within-group analyses to better understand light and intermittent smoking in specific population segments. a) Provide an overview of light and intermittent smoking for racial/ethnic groups, especially specific subgroups that do not have published research, which includes Asian Americans (e.g., Chinese Americans) and Hispanics/Latinos of Mexican descent, and for African Americans in various geographic regions of the U.S. b) Investigate the effects of state-level tobacco control policy on the distribution of light and intermittent smoking around the country over time for various racial/ethnic groups. Specific Aim 2: Research has shown that smokers can be categorized along a quitting continuum. We will report on the population distribution of smokers from different racial/ethnic groups along the quitting continuum. c) Hypothesis: The distribution of racial/ethnic minority smokers along the quitting continuum will be skewed and appear as if they will experience greater quitting success in the future compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. However, this will not be associated with actual higher rates of successful cessation. Such results would suggest that conceptualizations of the quitting process among minorities need to be reassessed. Specific Aim 3: Evaluate the applicability of smoking cessation treatment modalities to racial/ethnic minorities, particularly among those who are light and intermittent smokers. d) We will evaluate the prevalence of previously identified predictors of cessation, such as reducing consumption, making prior quit attempts, use of cessation aids (e.g., quitlines, nicotine replacement therapy), physician advice to quit, and the presence of complete home smoking bans across racial/ethnic groups. We will then examine how these factors affect the smoking cessation process across groups. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this proposed study is to examine the process of quitting smoking among racial/ethnic minority groups to better understand why their quitting rates are lower than Non-Hispanic Whites given that minority groups are more likely to be lighter and non-daily smokers. The traditional understanding of the quitting process has been based on populations that were heavy and daily smokers so it might not be applicable to racial/ethnic minority groups. Our findings can have implications for how smoking cessation programs are designed for racial/ethnic minorities and lead to a reduction of disparities in smoking and smoking-related diseases.