Psychological predictors of compensatory responses to an exercise intervention

描述(由申请人提供)：大多数寻求减肥的人都将增加体力活动作为其体重管理策略的一部分。然而，对许多人来说，增加结构性锻炼并不会导致预期的减肥量。能量摄入的补偿性增加和/或非运动体力活动的减少似乎是限制运动干预效果的重要因素。对于每个人来说，这些代偿反应的类型和大小将预测运动预防体重增加或促进体重减轻的有效性，并最终预测心血管健康。最近的研究集中在不同人口亚群以及不同强度和持续时间的运动中这些补偿性变化的时间和幅度。然而，很少有研究试图找出预测这些补偿行为的大小和方向的个体差异的特征和特征。因此，这项研究的目的是：1)确定饮食和非运动性体力活动因启动有组织的锻炼计划而发生补偿变化的心理预测因子；2)评估饮食和活动变化在总补偿反应中的相对重要性；以及3)评估基线身体成分对能量摄入和消耗的补偿变化的影响。为了实现这些目标，将在120名久坐的绝经前妇女的社区样本中进行一项均匀试验，该试验由四个相同的8周中等强度步行干预措施组成(每个干预措施30人)。将在基线上评估已知与其他健康行为(如吸烟、药物滥用)有关的心理特征和特征，并在干预过程中测量能量摄入和能量消耗的补偿性变化。然后，将使用多元回归模型来确定解释这些女性之间补偿行为的显著个体差异的心理和生理因素。这项研究产生的知识将使团队能够设计一项更大的体重管理干预试验，以探索一种量身定制的方法的有效性，该方法识别并尝试管理体重状况不同的个体中已识别的心理特征和特征。 与公共健康相关：虽然建议每周进行150-250分钟的中等强度运动，以防止体重增加并促进适度减肥，但在有组织的运动达到预期的减肥或保持水平的有效性方面，已观察到个体之间的巨大差异。能量摄入或非运动能量消耗的代偿性行为变化似乎是影响运动干预效果的重要因素。这项调查将确定一些看似合理的心理和饮食行为特征是否可以预测这些补偿行为的变化--这些信息随后可能被用来帮助定制和针对性的体重管理干预措施，包括有组织的锻炼。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Most individuals seeking to lose weight include increasing physical activity as part of their weight management strategy. For many, however, adding structured exercise does not result in the predicted amount of weight loss. Compensatory increases in energy intake and/or decreases in non-exercise physical activity appear to be significant factors limiting the effectiveness of exercise interventions. For each individual, the type and magnitude of these compensatory responses will predict the effectiveness of exercise to prevent weight gain or promote weight loss and, ultimately, cardiovascular health. Recent research has focused on the timing and magnitude of these compensatory changes in different population subgroups and across different intensities and durations of exercise. However, few studies have sought to identify the characteristics and traits that predict individual differences in the magnitude and direction of these compensatory behaviors. Accordingly, this study aims to: 1) identify psychological predictors of compensatory changes in diet and non-exercise physical activity in response to initiating a structured exercise program; 2) assess the relative importance of diet and activity changes in the total compensatory response; and 3) evaluate the influence of baseline body composition on compensatory changes in energy intake and expenditure. To meet these aims, a uniformity trial comprised of a series of four identical 8-week moderate-intensity walking interventions will be conducted in a community-based sample of 120 sedentary, premenopausal women (n=30 for each intervention). Psychological characteristics and traits known to be related to other health behaviors (e.g. smoking, substance abuse) will be assessed at baseline and compensatory changes in energy intake and energy expenditure will be measured over the course of the intervention. Multiple regression modeling will then be used to identify the psychological and physiological factors that explain substantial individual differences in compensatory behaviors among these women. Knowledge generated from this study will position the team to design a larger weight management intervention trial to explore the efficacy of a tailored approach that recognizes and attempts to manage identified psychological characteristics and traits among individuals differing in weight status. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: While 150-250 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise is recommended for preventing weight gain and promoting modest weight loss, substantial inter-individual variability has been observed in the effectiveness of structured exercise to achieve expected levels of weight loss or maintenance. Compensatory behavioral changes in energy intake or non-exercise energy expenditure appear to be significant factors influencing the effectiveness of exercise interventions. This investigation will determine whether a number of plausible psychological and eating behavior traits predict these compensatory behavior changes - information that could subsequently be used to help tailor and target weight management interventions that include structured exercise.