Impulsivity and Stimulant Drug Reward

描述(由申请者提供)：该项目旨在调查冲动与药物奖励敏感性之间的联系。冲动和对药物回报效应的敏感性是药物滥用的两个已知风险因素。冲动被认为在虐待的发生中起着因果作用。它是一个多方面的结构，由冲动行为(难以控制行为)、冲动选择(难以延迟满足)、冲动注意力(难以专注于手头的任务)和冲动人格(冲动行为倾向)组成。对奖励的敏感性也被认为影响了对药物的敏感性，尽管有观点认为，风险与高于或低于平均水平的奖励敏感性有关。对于冲动和奖励敏感性之间的关系，人们知之甚少。这两个结构可能独立地增加药物滥用的风险，也可能相互关联。有证据表明，高冲动与低奖赏敏感性有关，尤其是对药物奖赏效应的敏感度。此外，这是神经生物学证据，将冲动和药物奖励与多巴胺活动联系起来，进一步表明这两者可能是相关的。目前这项提案的目的是检验兴奋剂苯丙胺(0-20毫克)、MDMA(0-1.5毫克/公斤)和咖啡因(0-200毫克)对冲动各亚组分的主观奖励效应的敏感性。假设与非冲动的个体相比，高度冲动的个体会表现出抑制的主观反应。此外，该提案将测试这种对奖励的抑制反应是否也可以在对甜味喜好的反应中观察到，这是一种非药物奖励的衡量标准，或者是否仅限于滥用药物。公共卫生相关性：这个项目将研究冲动和对奖励的敏感性之间的关系。它将检验这样一种假设，即高度冲动的人对奖励不那么敏感，特别是对滥用药物的奖励主观影响。据信，这些因素单独或共同影响药物滥用的风险，所获得的知识可能有助于预防药物滥用。 公共卫生相关性：这个项目将研究冲动和对奖励的敏感性之间的关系。它将检验这样一种假设，即高度冲动的人对奖励不那么敏感，特别是对滥用药物的奖励主观影响。据信，这些因素单独或共同影响药物滥用的风险，所获得的知识可能有助于预防药物滥用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is designed to investigate associations between impulsivity and sensitivity to drug reward. Impulsivity and sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs are two known risk factors for drug abuse. Impulsivity is thought to have a causal role in the onset of abuse. It is a multi-faceted construct comprised of impulsive action (difficulty controlling behavior); impulsive choice (difficulty delaying gratification); impulsive attention (difficulty focusing on the task at hand); and impulsive personality (predisposition to rash action). Sensitivity to reward is also thought to influence susceptibility to use drugs, although arguments have been made that risk is related to both higher than average or lower than average sensitivity to reward. The relationship between impulsivity and reward sensitivity is poorly understood. The two constructs may independently contribute to risk for drug abuse, or they could be related to each other. There is some evidence that high impulsivity is related to low reward sensitivity, especially sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs. Additionally, thee is neurobiological evidence linking both impulsivity and drug reward to dopamine activity, further suggesting that the two might be related. The aim of the current proposal is to examine sensitivity to the subjective rewarding effects of the stimulant drugs amphetamine (0-20 mg), MDMA (0-1.5 mg/kg), and caffeine (0-200 mg) in individuals high and low on each of the sub-components of impulsivity. It is hypothesized that highly impulsive individuals will exhibit a dampened subjective response compared to non-impulsive individuals. Additionally, the proposal will test if this dampened response to reward is also observable in response to sweet taste liking, a measure of non-drug reward, or if it is specific to drugs of abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will examine relations between impulsivity and sensitivity to reward. It will examine the hypothesis that highly impulsive individuals are less sensitive to reward, especially to the rewarding subjective effects of drugs of abuse. These factors, alone or together, are believed to influence the risk for drug abuse, and the knowledge gained may help to prevent drug abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will examine relations between impulsivity and sensitivity to reward. It will examine the hypothesis that highly impulsive individuals are less sensitive to reward, especially to the rewarding subjective effects of drugs of abuse. These factors, alone or together, are believed to influence the risk for drug abuse, and the knowledge gained may help to prevent drug abuse.