Sound Sources of Phonation

描述(申请人提供)：语音研究的一个最终目标是开发一个共同的理论框架，将声带动力学、空气动力学、声学和语音感知联系在一起。这种统一的方法对于解释组织运动最终如何导致对语音的感知是必不可少的。由于声门气流既是声带的耦合振荡器，又是声源，声门气流提供了有关声带振动和由此产生的声学信号的信息，听者最终将其视为声音质量。虽然空气声学领域和涡流声学理论相对较先进，但将其应用于声音制作还处于起步阶段。因此，在广泛的发声条件下对发音进行全面、系统的研究中利用这些理论，对于加深我们对语音源机制的理解具有相当大的希望。在五年的时间里，我们建议使用发声的分析/计算模型和三个发声的实验室模型(驱动物理模型、自振荡物理模型和人类切除的喉咙)来解决以下具体目标：(1)量化由声门内收操纵的通过呼吸到受压的声音连续体上的近场声门气流，(2)将近场声门气流量化为声音类型(胸部、假声、发声)的函数，如声带折叠的身体/覆盖参数的变化，(3)将近场声门气流量化为源/声道相互作用的函数，(4)将声门近场气流量化为声带左右不对称的函数。对于这些特定的目标，我们将测量近场声门气流，确定其中包含的声源机制，量化这些声源项对辐射声学输出的相对贡献，并对近场声门气流进行时空分解，以提取气流的主要正交模型，并揭示这些模式在这一关键发声区域中的相互作用。公共卫生相关性：这项拟议研究的成功完成不仅将提高我们对各种正常和紊乱声音类型的声源机制的理解，还将揭示语音链中各种元素之间的关系和相互作用，包括声带动力学、空气动力学、声学和知觉。在未来，这些知识最终可能在开发准确、高效、降阶的发声模型时被概念化，这可能有助于实际的临床应用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An ultimate goal of speech research is to develop a common theoretical framework that will link together vocal fold dynamics, aerodynamics, acoustics, and speech perception. Such a unified approach is essential in explaining how tissue movement finally results in the perception of speech sounds. Because of its role both as a coupled oscillator with the vocal folds and as the acoustic source, the glottal airflow provides information about both vocal fold vibration and the resulting acoustic signal that listeners ultimately perceive as voice quality. While the field of aeroacoustics and the theory of vortex sound are relatively advanced, the application of such theories to voice production is still in its infancy. Accordingly, exploitation of such theories in a comprehensive, systematic study of phonation over a broad range of phonatory conditions holds considerable promise for furthering our understanding of voice source mechanisms. Over a five-year period, we propose to address the following Specific Aims using analytic/computational models of phonation and three laboratory models of phonation (a driven physical model, a self-oscillating physical model, and human excised larynges): (1) quantify the near field glottal airflow over the breathy to pressed voice continuum, as manipulated by glottal adduction, (2) quantify the near field glottal airflow as a function of voice type (chest, falsetto, vocal fry), as induced by changes in the body/cover parameters of the vocal folds, (3) quantify the near field glottal airflow as a function of source/tract interactions, (4) quantify the near field glottal airflow as a function of left-right asymmetries of the vocal folds. For each of these Specific Aims, we will measure the near field glottal airflow, identify the voice source mechanisms contained therein, quantify the relative contribution of these voice source terms to the radiated acoustic output, and perform a spatio-temporal decomposition of the near field glottal airflow to extract the primary orthogonal models of the airflow and reveal the interaction of these modes in this critical sound-producing region. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Successful completion of the proposed research will not only improve our understanding of voice source mechanisms across a variety of normal and disordered voice types, but also reveal relationships and interactions between various elements of the speech chain including vocal fold dynamics, aerodynamics, acoustics, and perception. In the future, this knowledge eventually may be conceptualized in the development of accurate, efficient, reduced-order models of phonation which may assist in practical clinical applications.