Smoking Cessation Across Ethnic Groups in the US

描述（由申请人提供）：与非西班牙裔白人相比，少数种族/族裔承担着不成比例的吸烟相关疾病负担，并且表现出较高的成人吸烟率和较低的戒烟率。戒烟的概念是基于重度或每日吸烟的非西班牙裔白人人群。种族/少数民族群体更有可能是轻度和间歇性吸烟者，因此我们对戒烟的理解应该被检查是否适用于这些人群。这个项目的结果将对少数种族/民族群体戒烟计划的设计和重点产生影响。我们建议对当前人口调查和加州烟草调查的烟草使用补充资料进行二次数据分析。所有的分析都将针对主要的种族/民族群体（非裔美国人、亚裔美国人、西班牙裔/拉丁裔美国人、美洲原住民和非西班牙裔白人）及其子群体（如韩裔美国人、墨西哥裔西班牙裔美国人等），并按性别、年龄、英语语言使用和教育水平进行。具体目标1：在种族/少数民族中，进行组间和组内分析，以更好地了解特定人群中轻度和间歇性吸烟的情况。a)为种族/族裔群体提供轻度和间歇性吸烟的概述，特别是没有发表研究的特定亚群体，其中包括亚裔美国人（例如华裔美国人）和墨西哥裔西班牙裔/拉丁裔美国人；b)调查各州烟草控制政策对不同种族/族裔群体在全国范围内轻度和间歇性吸烟分布的影响。具体目标2：研究表明，吸烟者可以按照戒烟连续体进行分类。我们将报告不同种族/民族的吸烟者在戒烟过程中的人口分布。c)假设：在戒烟连续体中，少数种族/族裔吸烟者的分布将被扭曲，并且与非西班牙裔白人相比，他们似乎在未来会经历更大的戒烟成功。然而，这与实际更高的成功戒烟率无关。这些结果表明，需要重新评估少数民族戒烟过程的概念。具体目标3：评估戒烟治疗方式对种族/少数民族的适用性，特别是对轻度和间歇性吸烟者的适用性。d)我们将评估先前确定的戒烟预测因素的流行程度，如减少消费量、先前戒烟尝试、戒烟辅助工具（如戒烟热线、尼古丁替代疗法）的使用、医生戒烟建议以及跨种族/民族完全禁止家庭吸烟的存在。然后，我们将研究这些因素如何影响不同群体的戒烟过程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Racial/ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate burden of smoking-related diseases and exhibit higher rates of adult smoking and lower rates of quitting compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Conceptualizations of smoking cessation have been based on Non-Hispanic White populations that are heavy or daily smokers. Racial/ethnic minority groups are more likely to be light and intermittent smokers, thus our understanding of smoking cessation should be examined for their applicability to such populations. Results from this project will have implications for the design and focus of smoking cessation programs for racial/ethnic minority groups. We propose a secondary data analysis of the Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey and the California Tobacco Surveys. All analyses will be conducted for major racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, Native Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites) and their subgroups (e.g., Korean Americans, Hispanics of Mexican descent, etc.), and by gender, age group, English language use, and educational level. Specific Aim 1: Among racial/ethnic minorities, conduct between-group and within-group analyses to better understand light and intermittent smoking in specific population segments. a) Provide an overview of light and intermittent smoking for racial/ethnic groups, especially specific subgroups that do not have published research, which includes Asian Americans (e.g., Chinese Americans) and Hispanics/Latinos of Mexican descent, and for African Americans in various geographic regions of the U.S. b) Investigate the effects of state-level tobacco control policy on the distribution of light and intermittent smoking around the country over time for various racial/ethnic groups. Specific Aim 2: Research has shown that smokers can be categorized along a quitting continuum. We will report on the population distribution of smokers from different racial/ethnic groups along the quitting continuum. c) Hypothesis: The distribution of racial/ethnic minority smokers along the quitting continuum will be skewed and appear as if they will experience greater quitting success in the future compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. However, this will not be associated with actual higher rates of successful cessation. Such results would suggest that conceptualizations of the quitting process among minorities need to be reassessed. Specific Aim 3: Evaluate the applicability of smoking cessation treatment modalities to racial/ethnic minorities, particularly among those who are light and intermittent smokers. d) We will evaluate the prevalence of previously identified predictors of cessation, such as reducing consumption, making prior quit attempts, use of cessation aids (e.g., quitlines, nicotine replacement therapy), physician advice to quit, and the presence of complete home smoking bans across racial/ethnic groups. We will then examine how these factors affect the smoking cessation process across groups. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this proposed study is to examine the process of quitting smoking among racial/ethnic minority groups to better understand why their quitting rates are lower than Non-Hispanic Whites given that minority groups are more likely to be lighter and non-daily smokers. The traditional understanding of the quitting process has been based on populations that were heavy and daily smokers so it might not be applicable to racial/ethnic minority groups. Our findings can have implications for how smoking cessation programs are designed for racial/ethnic minorities and lead to a reduction of disparities in smoking and smoking-related diseases.