Household Studies of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

描述(由申请人提供)：病毒控制流感和其他呼吸道感染的策略一直基于模型，该模型使用了30年前进行的Tecumseh呼吸系统疾病研究的假设。从那时起，实验室和分析方法有了显著的进步。我们招募了300多个有孩子的家庭进行呼吸系统疾病的纵向研究。我们建议从符合病例定义的呼吸道疾病受试者身上收集样本，并使用聚合酶链式反应检测样本以识别流感和其他呼吸道病毒，以确定呼吸道感染的发病率和特征。为了确定对流感的敏感性，以及对感染和接种疫苗的免疫反应，每年将采集三个点的血液样本，并进行血凝抑制(HAI)、微量中和试验和其他检测，以测定流感特异性抗体效价和样本之间的滴度变化。数据分析将同时使用标准技术和动态传输模型。将确定家庭感染率以及拥挤和湿度的影响。将计算以敏感度为条件的二次扩散。学校和整个社区的传播将与家庭传播进行比较。研究结果将为确定控制策略提供最新的科学依据。 公共卫生相关性：了解流感和其他呼吸道病毒的发生及其传播方式对于成功控制至关重要。我们建议研究有孩子的家庭中的这些疾病，并使用收集的数据来确定影响因素 在家庭和社区参与传播，使用各种分析技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Viruses Strategies for control of influenza and other respiratory infections have been based on models using assumptions derived from the Tecumseh Study of Respiratory Illness, conducted 30 years ago. Since that time, laboratory and analytic methods have markedly advanced. We have recruited more than 300 households with children for a longitudinal study of respiratory illnesses. We propose to determine the incidence and characteristics of respiratory infections by collecting specimens from subjects with respiratory illness meeting a case definition, and testing specimens using PCR to identify influenza and other respiratory viruses. To determine susceptibility to influenza, and immunologic response to infection and vaccination, blood specimens will be collected at three points annually, and tested in hemagglutination inhibition (HAI), microneutralization and other assays to measure influenza specific antibody titers and changes in titers between specimens. Both standard techniques and dynamic transmission models will be used in data analysis. Household infection rates and the effects of crowding and humidity will be determined. Secondary spread, conditioned on susceptibility will be calculated. Transmission in schools and the overall community will be compared with those in the household. Results will provide an updated scientific basis for determining control strategies. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Understanding the occurrence of influenza and other respiratory viruses and how they are transmitted is essential for successful control. We propose to study these illnesses in households with children and use the collected data to identify factors involved in transmission, in the household and community, using a variety of analytic techniques.