Neurobehavioral Contributors to Math Failure: A Reward-Based Learning Framework

描述（由申请人提供）：在这组申请中，我们建议启动一个新的学习障碍研究中心，首先关注数学失败的高风险。我们建议将这个新的中心建立在一个现有的强大的基础设施中，用于儿科神经行为和影像学研究，儿科神经认知，影像学和遗传学（PING）数据资源。PING基础设施为建立一个新的跨学科和多研究者项目提供了许多重要的优势，因为它已经将行为、临床、成像、计算和遗传学研究人员作为一个紧密结合的团队聚集在一起，最重要的是吸引了一群非常有才华的年轻研究人员和研究生，他们专注于拟议研究中解决的问题。我们团队提出的研究的一个统一主题是，数学失败，也许更广泛地说，学业失败，是通过假定的早期概念缺陷的相互作用逐渐出现的，在某些情况下，可归因于特定神经系统的功能不良和异常神经结构，以及越来越多的基于奖励的偏见，这些偏见加和或非加和地抑制了正常的学习轨迹。与这一主题相一致，我们将我们提出的研究中心称为学习障碍研究中心（LDRH）中的情感和选择（REaCh）角色。拟议中的REaCh中心有3个组成部分：一个新的研究项目，用于调查在数学失败高风险儿童早期发展过程中有关学习和神经结构的关键问题，以及两个核心。行政核心提案描述了新中心的管理计划和将为新的研究调整的PING基础设施；并侧重于一个嵌套的指导计划，以确保不同级别的受训者与重点工作组内的中级和高级调查人员之间的密切互动。还描述了用于hub内和hub外数据共享的核心资产。一项发展基础设施核心提案描述了一项小型拨款计划的管理，以支持中心内初级研究人员、受训人员和来自原REaCh LDRH小组以外学科的研究人员的新工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this set of applications, we propose to initiate a new Learning Disabilities Research Hub focusing initially on high risk for mathematics failure. We proposed to situate this new Hub within an existing strong infrastructure for pediatric neurobehavioral and imaging research, the Pediatric Neurocognition, Imaging, and Genetics (PING) data resource. PING infrastructure provides many important advantages for building a new cross disciplinary and multiple-investigator program, as it has already brought together a strong team of behavioral, clinical, imaging, computational, and genetics investigators as a closely integrated team, and most importantly has attracted a very talented group of young investigators and graduate students focused on the problems addressed in the proposed research. A unifying theme of the studies that our team has proposed is the notion that math failure, and perhaps academic failure more broadly, emerges gradually through interactions of putative early conceptual weaknesses, attributable in some cases to poor functioning and anomalous neural architecture in specific neural systems, with increasing reward-based biases that contribute, additively or non-additively, to suppression of the normal learning trajectory. Consistent with this theme we refer to our proposed research hub as the Roles of Emotion and Choice (REaCh) in Learning Disabilities Research Hub (LDRH). The proposed REaCh Hub has 3 components: a new research project to investigate key questions about learning and the neural architecture during eariy development in children at high risk for math failure, and two cores. The Administrative Core proposal describes the management plan for the new Hub and the PING infrastructure that will be adapted for the new studies; and focuses on a nested mentoring plan for ensuring close interaction between trainees at different levels with mid-level and senior investigators within focused workgroups. The assets of the Core for within-Hub and extra-Hub data sharing are also described. A Developmental Infrastructure Core proposal describes the administration of a small grant program to support novel work within the Hub by junior investigators, trainees, and investigators from disciplines outside ofthe original REaCh LDRH group. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: A new Learning Disabilities Research Hub would be created to bring scientists with different kinds of expertise together to study learning disabilities, focuing initially on risk for math failure in young children. The scientists would study learning and brai development in children and focus specifically on the importance of the children's emotional responses to mathematical information.