6 Year Study of Seniors Neighborhood Environments, Physical Activity & Function

为期6年的高年级学生学习。国际移民组织、疾病预防控制中心和其他机构建议改变邻里环境、身体活动和功能建筑环境，以改善身体活动(PA)。这样的变化对老年人这样的弱势群体可能是最重要的，他们最不活跃，也最少被研究。科学家们一直呼吁对建筑环境和PA进行前瞻性研究。这项拟议的研究是对老年人社区生活质量研究(SNQLS)队列的6年跟踪调查，队列中66岁以上的居民被选为步行能力和收入差异最大的社区居民。对当前数据的分析表明，邻里环境与PA和BMI有关。SNQLS在方法上比其他研究更先进，对环境和PA的客观和可感知的测量，以及前瞻性的随访可以加强因果关系的证据。一项关键的创新是重新评估与PA相关的所有环境特征，包括步行能力(地理信息系统测量的混合用途和街道连通性)、微尺度特征(系统观察和自我报告的街景细节，如人行道质量、街道交叉路口的安全)，以及使用与老年人相关的娱乐设施(地理信息系统和报告)。除了重复测量加速度计，我们还将增加对社区内流动性的GPS评估。目标1，在生态学模型的指导下，通过对社区环境和心理社会变量的综合测量，解释6年来7天加速测量中PA的变化规律。次级目标将评估PA的6年变化与环境措施的关系的调节因素(例如，身体功能)，以及有效的身体功能、交通和娱乐步行、BMI和久坐时间的6年变化的环境相关性。探索性目标将评估改变住所的影响，并检查GPS测量的机动性及其健康后果的相关性。根据试点数据，我们预计将测量在时间1参与的样本中的70%(预计随访N=603)。这项研究将填补老年人在环境与多种健康结果关系方面的许多知识空白。跨学科团队将利用研究结果推进环境和健康科学，并制定基于证据的指导方针，以设计支持健康老龄化的社区。

6-Year Study of Seniors. Neighborhood Environments, Physical Activity & Function Built environment changes have been recommended by the IOM, CDC, and others to improve physical activity (PA). Such changes may be most important for vulnerable groups like older adults who are least active and least studied. Scientists consistently call for prospective studies of built environment and PA. The proposed study is a 6-year follow-up of the Senior Neighborhood Quality of Life Study (SNQLS) cohort of 66+ year-old residents of neighborhoods selected to maximize variability in walk ability and income. Analyses of current data show neighborhood environments are related to PA and BMI. SNQLS is more methodologically advanced than other studies, with objective and perceived measures of both environments and PA, and a prospective follow-up can strengthen evidence of causality. A key innovation is re-assessment of the full range of PA-related environmental characteristics, including walk ability (GIS measured mixed use & street connectivity), microscale features (systematically observed and self-reported streetscape details such as sidewalk quality, safety of street crossings), and access to senior-relevant recreation facilities (GIS and reported). In addition to repeating accelerometer measures, we will add GPS assessment of mobility within neighborhoods. Aim 1, guided by ecological models, is to explain patterns of change in PA from 7-day accelerometry over 6 years by comprehensive measures of neighborhood environments and psychosocial variables. Secondary aims will assess moderators (eg, physical function) of the relationship of 6-year change in PA with environmental measures and environmental correlates of 6-year changes in a validated measure of physical function, walking for transport and recreation, BMI, and sedentary time. Exploratory aims will assess the impact of changing residences and examine correlates of GPS-measured mobility and its health consequences. Based on pilot data, we expect to measure 70% (projected follow-up N=603) of the sample who participated at Time 1. The study will fill many gaps in knowledge about the relation of environments to multiple health outcomes in seniors. The interdisciplinary team will use results to advance the science of environments and health and develop evidence-based guidelines for designing neighborhoods that support healthy aging.