The Effect of Diet on Age-Related Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Dysfunction

描述(由申请人提供)：心血管疾病是美国人的主要死亡原因，尽管传统的危险因素得到了控制，但年龄增长带来了重大风险。与年龄相关的血管动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍增加是临床疾病的先兆，是动脉粥样硬化、高血压和心血管事件的早期独立预测因子。这些与年龄相关的增加与其他生活方式危险因素之间的相互作用可能会加剧血管老化和心血管疾病的发展。习惯性饮食是影响心血管风险的生活方式因素，许多研究报道食物和饮食模式会影响动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍。然而，习惯性饮食在多大程度上缓和了年龄对这些血管健康指标的影响尚不清楚。这项研究的目的是检验公众定义的饮食质量的影响 来自Framingham心脏研究的大样本成年人的健康建议，关于动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍。我们还将调查饮食质量是否会缓和年龄对血管健康的影响。先前在Framingham子代队列和第三代队列的大约7000名参与者中评估了动脉僵硬、内皮功能障碍和习惯性饮食。颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度和臂部血流介导的扩张分别用于评价动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍。习惯饮食通过食物频率问卷确定，饮食质量将使用饮食指南遵守指数进行量化。多元回归将被用来评估饮食质量和年龄之间的关系-饮食质量与动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍的相互作用，而不受潜在的临床混淆(例如性别、体重指数、血压、吸烟、其他医疗条件)的影响。探索性分析将寻求确定饮食指南中的哪些成分对年龄相关的动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍具有最大的保护作用。目前这项提案的发现可能表明饮食质量、动脉僵硬和 内皮功能障碍，因此将有助于设计治疗或预防的干预措施 与年龄相关的血管衰退。 公共卫生相关性：心血管疾病是美国人的主要死亡原因，与年龄相关的血管衰退是心血管事件的独立预测因素。有证据表明，食物或饮食模式可以影响动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍的血管测量；然而，公共卫生建议定义的习惯性饮食质量的影响尚不清楚。这项研究将研究饮食质量如何影响与年龄相关的动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍，并将寻求确定一种潜在的干预措施，以减缓或逆转与年龄相关的心血管风险增加。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for Americans, and advancing age confers major risk despite control of traditional risk factors. Age-related increases in vascular arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction precede clinical disease and are early independent predictors of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cardiovascular events. Interactions between these age-related increases and other lifestyle risk factors likely exacerbate vascular aging and cardiovascular disease development. Habitual diet is a lifestyle factor that influences cardiovascular risk, and numerous studies have reported that foods and dietary patterns affect arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. However, the extent to which habitual diet moderates the effect of age on these measures of vascular health is unknown. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of diet quality, as defined by public health recommendations, on arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in a large cross-sectional sample of adults from the Framingham Heart Study. We will also investigate whether diet quality moderates the effect of age on vascular health. Arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and habitual diet were previously assessed in approximately 7000 participants of the Framingham Offspring Cohort and the Third Generation Cohort. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and brachial flow-mediated dilation were used to index arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, respectively. Habitual diet was determined via food frequency questionnaires, and diet quality will be quantified using the Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index. Multiple regression will be used to evaluate the association between diet quality and the age-diet quality interaction with arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, independent of potential clinical confounds (e.g. sex, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, other medical conditions). Exploratory analyses will seek to determine which components of the Dietary Guidelines are associated with the greatest protection from age- related arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. The findings from the current proposal may suggest a link between diet quality, arterial stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction, and as such will be useful for designing interventions to treat or prevent age-related vascular decline. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for Americans, and age-related vascular decline is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. There is evidence that foods or dietary patterns can affect vascular measures of arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction; however, the influence of habitual diet quality, as defined by public health recommendations, is unknown. This research will examine how diet quality affects age-related arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, and will seek to identify a potential intervention to slow or reverse age-related increases in cardiovascular risk.