Children's Dietary Recalls: Prompts, Retention Interval, and Accuracy

描述（由申请人提供）：饮食与疾病之间的关系是公共卫生中的关键关系。许多研究依赖于高年级的小学生自我报告饮食摄入量。我们2009年的验证研究结果表明，四年级儿童的饮食回忆准确性受到保持时间间隔（待报告的膳食和访谈之间的时间）的影响。24小时饮食回忆（24 hDR）中学校餐部分的准确性，对于前24小时（面试前24小时）的回忆比前一天（面试前一天的午夜到午夜）的回忆更好。然而，即使当记忆保持时间最短、准确性最高时，回忆也会出现重大错误：40%的观察到的吃过的食物被遗漏（未报告），25%的报告吃过的食物被侵入（未观察）。需要更多的研究来提高儿童饮食回忆的准确性。两个突出的24小时DR协议是研究营养数据系统（NDSR）和自动多次通过方法（AMPM）;一个新的协议是自动自助24小时DR（ASA 24）。每个协议的软件都以前一天为目标。回忆的准确性也可能受到用于询问受试者对目标时期事件的初始回忆的提示的影响。这些提示可以是正向（最远到最近）、反向（最近到最远）、开放（免费[无说明]）或餐名（早餐、午餐等）。NDSR软件使用转发提示，AMPM软件使用打开提示，ASA 24软件使用餐食名称提示。任何24 hDR都有保留间隔和提示;因此，有必要确定保留间隔和提示的组合，以最大限度地提高回忆准确性，但经验证据仅限于小型试点研究。这个为期4年的项目有3个目标和数据收集与四年级的孩子。目的1是比较饮食回忆的准确性为8个条件下定义的交叉2个保留间隔（前24小时回忆在下午获得;前一天回忆在早上获得）与4个提示（向前;反向;开放;吃饭）。将观察480名儿童中的每一名儿童吃学校早餐和学校午餐，然后使用8种条件中的一种进行访谈以获得24小时DR，每种条件下有60名儿童（每种性别30名）。将每个儿童报告的24 hDR学校餐部分的数据与2次学校餐的观察数据进行比较，并评估儿童的食物项目、数量、能量和常量营养素的准确性。目的2是评估社会期望，身体质量指数，社会经济地位和成绩测试分数与目标1中的480名儿童的饮食回忆准确性的关系。目的3是通过课堂管理对大约210名儿童进行14项社会期望量表的1个月重测信度（1年级）。该R 01项目将比较24 hDR方案的关键但未经测试的方面，并为改进软件提供经验证据，以获得更准确的儿童24 hDR用于流行病学研究，干预和临床实践，从而提高我们对饮食与疾病之间关系的理解。 公共卫生相关性：饮食与疾病之间的关系是公共卫生中的一个关键问题，但饮食评估具有挑战性，特别是在学龄儿童中。饮食调查中的误报是一个公认的问题，它威胁着我们确定饮食与疾病之间真实关系的能力。该项目将为完善软件提供经验证据，以获得更准确的儿童24小时饮食回忆，用于全国调查，流行病学研究，干预和临床实践，从而提高我们对饮食与疾病之间关系的理解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The relationship between diet and disease is a critical one in public health. Many studies rely on elementary school children in upper-grade levels to self-report dietary intake. Results from our 2009 validation study showed that 4th-grade children's dietary recall accuracy was affected by retention interval (elapsed time between to-be-reported meals and the interview). Accuracy for the school-meal parts of 24-hour dietary recalls (24hDRs) was better for recalls about the prior 24 hours (the 24 hours immediately preceding the interview) than for recalls about the previous day (midnight to midnight of the day before the interview). However, even when the retention interval was shortest and accuracy was best, recalls had substantial errors: 40% of items observed eaten were omitted (not reported), and 25% of items reported eaten were intruded (not observed). More research is needed to improve children's dietary recall accuracy. Two prominent 24hDR protocols are the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) and the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM); a new protocol is the Automated Self-Administered 24hDR (ASA24). Software for each of these protocols targets the previous day. Recall accuracy may also be influenced by prompts used to ask subjects for their initial recall of the target period's events. These prompts can be forward (most distant to most recent), reverse (most recent to most distant), open (free [no instructions]), or meal name (breakfast, lunch, etc). NDSR software uses forward prompts, AMPM software uses open prompts, and ASA24 software uses meal name prompts. Any 24hDR has a retention interval and prompts; thus, it is necessary to identify the combination of retention interval and prompts that maximizes recall accuracy, but empirical evidence is limited to a small pilot study. This 4-year project has 3 aims and data collection with 4th-grade children. Aim 1 is to compare dietary recall accuracy for 8 conditions defined by crossing 2 retention intervals (prior-24-hour recall obtained in the afternoon; previous-day recall obtained in the morning) with 4 prompts (forward; reverse; open; meal). Each of 480 children will be observed eating school breakfast and school lunch, and then interviewed to obtain a 24hDR using 1 of the 8 conditions, with 60 children (30 per sex) per condition. Each child's reported data for the school-meal parts of the 24hDR will be compared to observed data for the 2 school meals, and the child's accuracy will be assessed for food items, amounts, energy, and macronutrients. Aim 2 is to assess relationships of social desirability, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and achievement test scores with dietary recall accuracy of 480 children in Aim 1. Aim 3 is to conduct 1-month test-retest reliability (in Year 1) for a 14-item social desirability scale via classroom administration to approximately 210 children. This R01 project will compare crucial yet untested aspects of 24hDR protocols and provide empirical evidence for refining software to obtain more accurate 24hDRs from children for epidemiologic studies, interventions, and clinical practice, and thereby improve our understanding of relationships between diet and disease. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The relationship between diet and disease is a critical one in public health, but dietary assessment is challenging, especially among school children. Misreporting in dietary surveys is a widely recognized problem that threatens our ability to pinpoint true relationships between diet and disease. This project will provide empirical evidence for refining software to obtain more accurate 24-hour dietary recalls from children for national surveys, epidemiologic studies, interventions, and clinical practice, and thereby improve our understanding of relationships between diet and disease.