Longitudinal Follow-up to the National Faculty Survey

描述（由申请人提供）：过去20年的研究表明，女性，尤其是有色人种女性在学术上缺乏进步。使用生态系统理论作为理论框架，我们将确定哪些因素与学术职业发展相关，以及这些因素如何因性别和代表性不足的少数民族地位而不同。我们的具体目标是：1)衡量女性与男性的纵向职业结果，以及代表性不足的少数族裔女性教师与多数女性教师的纵向职业结果，包括1)职业满意度，2)薪酬，3)学术生产力，4)学术排名，5)留任。2)确定个人（如工作时间、家庭责任）、制度环境（如支持、工作环境、政策）以及个人和制度交叉因素（如种族歧视、性骚扰）如何与上述女性与男性的职业发展结果以及未被充分代表的少数民族女性与多数女性的职业发展结果相关联。我们建议对全国教师调查进行纵向跟踪，纵向抽样940名教师，这是1995年调查的具有全国代表性的医学院教师样本，其中特别对妇女和少数民族教师进行了过度抽样。我们将进行一项调查，以获得关于学术进步的五个方面的当前数据，并评估在我们的队列中，性别和种族/民族在纵向学术进步方面的差异。我们将包括解决与学术进步相关的个人和机构因素的问题。我们还将对每所接受调查的医学院的两名高级人员进行关键信息提供者访谈，以深入了解哪些机构计划和政策支持该机构的妇女和少数民族教员的发展。这项研究将为提高女性在学术医学领域的地位提供重要的新见解。这项对与女性和少数族裔女性学术进步相关的个人和机构因素的纵向研究，将填补知识库中的一个重要空白，该知识库需要规划有效的方案，以支持女性和少数族裔的学术医疗事业。公共卫生相关性：为了满足我们日益多样化的人口的公共卫生需要，我们将要求高级保健领导人反映我们人口在性别、种族和族裔方面的多样性。为了检验与女性和少数族裔女性在生物医学职业中晋升到高级职位相关的个人和制度因素，我们建议对24所美国医学院的代表性样本中的女性和代表性不足的少数族裔女性教员进行15年的纵向研究。我们的研究结果将有助于政策制定者和学术领袖制定项目和政策，消除职业发展中的不平等。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Research over the past 20 years has documented the lack of academic advancement for women, and especially for women of color. Using the Ecological Systems Theory as the theoretical framework, we will identify which factors are associated with academic career advancement, and how these may differ by gender and under-represented minority status. Our specific aims are: 1) To measure longitudinal career outcomes for women compared with men, and under- represented minority women faculty compared with majority women, along the domains of 1) career satisfaction, 2) compensation, 3) academic productivity, 4) academic rank, and 5) retention. 2) To identify how individual (e.g., hours of work, family responsibilities), institutional environment (e.g., support, work environment, policy), and factors that intersect the individual and institutional (e.g., racial discrimination, sexual harassment) are associated with the above career advancement outcomes for women compared with men, and for under-represented minority women compared with majority women. We propose to conduct a longitudinal follow-up to the National Faculty Survey, with a longitudinal sample of 940 faculty, a nationally representative sample of medical school faculty surveyed in 1995, which specifically oversampled for women and minority faculty. We will conduct a survey to obtain current data on the five aspects of academic advancement, and evaluate differences in longitudinal academic advancement by gender and race/ethnicity in our cohort. We will include questions to address individual and institutional factors associated with academic advancement. We will also conduct key informant interviews with two senior personnel at each of the surveyed medical schools, to obtain insight into what institutional programs and policies support the development of women and minority faculty at that institution. This research will provide important new insights for the advancement of women in academic medicine. This longitudinal study of the individual and institutional factors associated with academic advancement for women and minority women will fill an important gap in the knowledge base needed to plan effective programs to support the academic medical careers of women and minorities. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In order to address the public health needs of our increasingly diverse populations, we will require senior health care leaders to reflect the diversity of our populations, in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. In order to examine the individual and institutional factors associated with the advancement of women and minority women to senior positions in biomedical careers, we propose a 15 year longitudinal study of women and under-represented minority women faculty at a representative sample of 24 U.S. medical schools. Our results will assist policy makers and academic leaders in developing programs and policies that will eliminate inequities in career advancement.