Phosphorus and Vitamin D Metabolism and Cardiovascular Outcomes: The MESA Study

描述（由申请人提供）：不断发展的证据表明，磷过量和维生素D不足会导致心血管疾病（CVD）和过早死亡。磷过量直接将血管平滑肌组织转化为成骨细胞样细胞，其使中膜血管壁钙化。维生素D不足激活肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统，刺激致动脉粥样硬化细胞因子的表达，并直接促进心肌细胞生长。 现有知识的重要差距限制了对人类矿物质代谢与CVD关系的全面理解。首先，目前对磷和维生素D代谢轴的确定是粗略的，模糊了与CVD结果的关系，并阻碍了转化为临床应用。其次，CVD途径，通过干扰矿物质代谢可能会促进CVD是不完全的评估在人类。第三，磷和维生素D代谢因种族/民族而有很大差异，但对矿物质代谢紊乱的心血管后果的了解来自于多样性有限的人群。 本提案的总体目标是在基于社区的多种族人群中确定磷过量和维生素D不足与病理生理学相关临床和亚临床CVD结局的关系。我们将使用多种血清和尿液生物标志物来表征磷和维生素D代谢轴，这些生物标志物是从多种族动脉粥样硬化研究（梅萨）的6，736名参与者中先前收集的基线样本中测量的。梅萨提供了一个独特的机会，全面评估新的CVD风险因素，因为它的多种族抽样策略，在基线时排除临床CVD，最先进的亚临床CVD测量和裁定的心血管事件。我们假设磷过量（血清磷、血清成纤维细胞生长因子-23和尿磷浓度较高）和维生素D缺乏（25-羟基维生素D较低和甲状旁腺激素浓度较高）的生物标志物与心血管事件、高血压和慢性肾脏疾病的发生有关。我们进一步假设，磷过量和维生素D缺乏的生物标志物将与亚临床心血管疾病的测量直接相关的矿物质代谢：冠状动脉钙化，胸主动脉钙化，动脉僵硬度，左心室质量。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Evolving evidence suggests that phosphorous excess and vitamin D insufficiency contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death. Phosphorous excess directly transforms vascular smooth muscle tissue into osteoblast-like cells, which calcify the medial vessel wall. Vitamin D insufficiency activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, stimulates atherogenic cytokine expression, and directly promotes cardiomyocyte growth. Important gaps in existing knowledge constrain full understanding of mineral metabolism-CVD relationships in humans. First, current ascertainment of the phosphorous and vitamin D metabolic axes is crude, obscuring relationships with CVD outcomes and impeding translation to clinical application. Second, CVD pathways through which disturbed mineral metabolism may promote CVD are incompletely evaluated in humans. Third, phosphorous and vitamin D metabolism vary strongly by race/ethnicity, but knowledge of cardiovascular consequences of mineral metabolism disorders derive from populations with limited diversity. The overall goal of this proposal is to define relationships of phosphorous excess and vitamin D insufficiency with pathophysiologically relevant clinical and subclinical CVD outcomes in a community based, multi-ethnic population. We will characterize the phosphorous and vitamin D metabolic axes using multiple serum and urine biomarkers measured from previously collected baseline samples obtained from 6,736 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). MESA offers a unique opportunity to comprehensively evaluate novel CVD risk factors because of its multi-ethnic sampling strategy, exclusion of clinical CVD at baseline, state-of-the-art subclinical CVD measurements, and adjudicated cardiovascular events. We hypothesize that biomarkers of phosphorous excess (higher concentrations of serum phosphorous, serum fibroblast growth factor-23, and urine phosphorous) and vitamin D deficiency (lower 25- hydroxyvitamin D and higher parathyroid hormone concentrations) will be associated with incident cardiovascular events, incident hypertension, and incident chronic kidney disease. We further hypothesize that biomarkers of phosphorous excess and vitamin D deficiency will be associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease measurements that are directly relevant to mineral metabolism: coronary artery calcification, thoracic aorta calcification, arterial stiffness, and left ventricular mass.