Influence of Age and Social Context on the Dynamics of Emotion Regulation

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请涉及广泛的挑战领域（R21）：自我调节的基础研究，RFA-AG-11-010：研究自我调节基本机制的探索性/发展性研究应用。我们对情绪调节的实时动态的了解是有限的，部分原因是由于当前编码系统的劳动和时间密集型性质，以及依赖于忽略时间相关信息和社会背景的统计方法。本研究的主要目的是评估社会伴侣对情绪调节基本过程的年龄相关差异的影响。我们建议通过以下方法来推进当前对情绪调节基本过程的理解：(1)通过高时间分辨率的自动习得来测量面部表情、声乐韵律和头部运动的交流表现；(2)包含一个社会伙伴来测试人与人之间情绪表达调节的差异；iii)估计情绪经验和情绪线索感知敏感性对情绪调节年龄相关差异的贡献。这些发现将进一步加深我们对基本情绪调节过程的理解，并为建立干预措施提供基础，这些干预措施有可能改变整个生命周期的交流研究。越来越多的文献记录了从年轻到成年后期情绪调节的积极的年龄相关变化。据报道，与年轻人相比，老年人在调节情绪方面更有效。相反，其他研究表明，表达和感知情感信息的能力会随着年龄的增长而下降。与年龄相关的情绪调节的改善和负面情绪的表达和感知的下降需要在谈话中的情绪调节的背景下解释。对话需要同时调节主观情绪、调节表达情绪和感知对话伙伴表达的情绪。目前尚不清楚这些观察到的与年龄相关的情绪感知和表达差异如何影响自然人际代际互动中的情绪调节。当前项目的目标是：(a)根据对话伙伴是否在场来检查情绪调节的差异，(b)评估与对话伙伴年龄相关的情绪调节的年龄相关差异，以及(c)估计表达自己情绪和感知他人情绪的能力对观察到的情绪调节动态的贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application addresses broad Challenge Area (R21): Basic Research on Self-Regulation, RFA-AG-11-010: Exploratory/developmental research applications examining basic mechanisms of self-regulation. Our knowledge of the real-time dynamics of emotion regulation is limited in part due to the labor- and time-intensive nature of current coding systems as well as reliance on statistical methods that ignore time-relevant information and social context. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of a social partner on age-related differences in basic processes of emotion regulation. We propose to advance current understanding of basic processes of emotion regulation by i) measuring communicative displays of facial expression, vocal prosody, and head movement through automated acquisition with high temporal resolution, ii) inclusion of a social partner to test differences between within- person and between-person regulation of emotional expression, and iii) estimate contributions of emotion experience and sensitivity in the perception of emotion cues to age-related differences in emotion regulation. These findings will further our understanding of basic emotion regulation processes and provide a foundation on which to build interventions that have the potential to transform research in communication throughout the lifespan. There is a growing literature documenting positive age-related changes in emotion regulation from young through late adulthood. Older adults report being more effective at regulating their emotions compared to younger adults. In contrast other studies suggest age-related declines in the ability to express and perceive emotional information. Concurrent age- related improvements in emotion regulation and declines in expression and perception of negative emotions require explanation in the context of emotion regulation during a conversation. Conversations require simultaneous regulation of subjective emotions, regulation of expressed emotions, and perception of expressed emotions of the conversational partner. It is as yet unclear how these observed age-related differences in perception and expression of emotions contribute to emotion regulation in natural interpersonal intergenerational interactions. The goals of the current project are to (a) examine differences in emotion regulation depending on whether a conversational partner is present or absent, (b) to evaluate age-related differences in emotion regulation related to the age of a conversational partner, and (c) to estimate contributions of the ability to express one's own emotions and perceive others' emotions on observed dynamics of emotion regulation.