Statistical Methods to Correct for Proxy Bias in Studies of Older Adults

描述(由申请人提供)：这项建议有两个目标：1)将生物统计学家Shardell博士培养成在生物统计学和老年学之间进行研究的独立调查员；2)开发所需的统计方法，以便在老年髋部骨折患者的流行病学研究中更适当地使用代理受访者(例如，亲属或护理人员)的数据。对于后一个目标，髋部骨折患者流行病学研究中的一个重要问题是选择偏差，这是由于从最虚弱和认知障碍的患者那里丢失了大量数据，这可能导致结果偏颇和研究结论不准确。目前，为了最大限度地减少因数据缺失而导致的选择偏差，聘请代理人来代替无法或不愿回答面试问题的患者。然而，代理人的回应可能是系统性的偏见。这种偏差是一个重要的问题，因为它意味着标准的统计方法，即用代理人的反应来输入缺失的患者数据可能会导致不准确的研究结论。因此，来自这些指标的偏差可能会阻碍研究人员准确识别可能改善患者骨折后预后的有希望的干预目标的能力。为了解决这个问题，最初设计用于调整缺失数据的选择偏差的统计方法将扩展到包括代理数据。可以纠正代理偏差的统计方法的可用性有助于为骨折后恢复设计准确的针对性干预措施。这些方法的计算机程序将在网上提供，供老年学社区使用。新方法将作为未来R01提案的一部分进行验证和比较。本提案中描述的三年指导研究计划包括职业发展计划，其中包括衰老的生物学、社会学和心理社会方面的课程；定期与导师会面；参加研讨会、研讨会和专业会议；以及跟踪临床医生和研究人员接触临床老年病学环境。迫切需要具有生物统计学和老年学专业知识的训练有素的研究人员来解决与老龄化研究相关的研究设计、结果测量和统计学方面的问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal has two goals: 1) to develop Dr. Shardell, a biostatistician, into an independent investigator performing research at the interface of biostatistics and gerontology; and 2) to develop statistical methods needed to more appropriately use data from proxy respondents (e.g., relatives or care givers) in epidemiological studies of elderly hip-fracture patients. Regarding the latter goal, a significant problem in epidemiologic studies of hip fracture patients is selection bias due to the large amount of data missing from the most frail and cognitively impaired patients, which may lead to biased results and inaccurate study conclusions. Currently, in order to minimize selection bias due to missing data, proxies are recruited to supply responses in place of patients who are unable or unwilling to respond to interview questions. However, responses from proxies may be systematically biased. This bias is a significant problem because it implies that the standard statistical approach of imputing missing patient data with responses from proxies can lead to inaccurate study conclusions. Therefore, bias from these proxies can impede investigators' ability to accurately identify promising targets of intervention that may improve patients' post-fracture prognosis. To solve this problem, statistical methods originally designed to adjust for selection bias from missing data will be extended to include proxy data. Availability of statistical methods that can correct for proxy bias can help in designing accurately-targeted interventions for postfracture recovery. Computer programs for the methods will be made available online for use by the gerontology community. The new approaches will be validated and compared as part of a future R01 proposal. The three-year mentored research program described in this proposal involves a career development plan that includes coursework in the biology, sociology, and psychosocial aspects of aging; regular meetings with mentors; participation at seminars, workshops, and professional conferences; and exposure to clinical geriatrics settings by shadowing clinician-researchers. Trained investigators with expertise in both biostatistics and gerontology are urgently needed to solve problems in study design, outcome measurement, and statistics that are relevant to aging research.