Modeling Core

建模核心将为跨项目的所有计算建模提供中央资源。建模在这项研究计划中起着至关重要的作用，因为它将理论，行为和神经成像方法与理解阅读和言语之间的关系联系起来。阅读的“三角模型”是这项事业的核心，因为它提供了一个机械的解释，说明拼写、语音和意义之间的映射是如何学习和使用的，以支持阅读。先前在这一框架内的工作提供了语音和语义处理如何有助于识字成果的见解。所有四个项目都将与三角模型联系起来，整合语音模型（项目II）和句子处理模型（项目IV）的见解和新进展，将模型扩展到新语言（项目III），并研究各种语言能力中不同的构成性缺陷模式如何对语言产生不同的影响（项目I）。这种综合方法将开辟理论和实证工作的新方向，并朝着将阅读技能的发展和使用与言语和语言联系起来的一般理论取得进展。最后，与神经影像核心（核心B）的互动将产生解释和分析功能磁共振成像数据的新方法。这些模型被定位在一个非常适合这一点的水平上，因为它们为行为结果（如响应时间和准确性）以及与大脑活动直接相关的内部状态提供了代理。因此，建模核心将协调跨项目和核心的活动，这些活动对于统一阅读的神经生物学和计算模型及其与语音的关系至关重要

The Modeling Core will provide a central resource for all computational modeling across projects. Modeling plays a critical role in this program of research because it links theoretical, behavioral and neuroimaging approaches to understanding the relationship between reading and speech. The "triangle model" of reading is central to this enterprise because it provides a mechanistic explanation of how mappings among spelling, phonology and meaning are learned and used to support reading. Prior work in this framework has provided insights into how phonological and semantic processing contribute to literacy outcomes. All four projects will make contact with the triangle model, integrating insights and new advances from models of phonology (Project II) and sentence processing (Project IV), extending the model to new languages (Project III) and examining how different patterns of constitutive deficits in a variety of language abilities can have different impacts across languages (Project I). This integrative approach will open up new directions in the theoretical and empirical work, and make progress toward a general theory relating the development and use of reading skill to speech and language. Finally, interaction with the Neuroimaging Core (Core B) will produce new ways of interpreting and analyzing fMRI data. The models are pitched at a level that is well-suited to this, because they provide proxies for both behavioral outcomes such as response time and accuracy, as well as internal states that can be directly related to brain activity. Thus, the Modeling Core will coordinate activities across projects and cores that are central to unifying the neurobiological and computational models of reading and its relation to speech