Code-modulated evoked potentials for control of Brain-Computer Interfaces

脑机接口（BCI）允许仅通过大脑活动进行通信或控制计算机。这项技术的目的是使完全瘫痪的人能够与他们的环境进行交流和互动。在以前的工作中，它表明，由伪随机码调制的视觉诱发电位可以用于BCI控制。基于这些编码调制的视觉诱发电位（c-VEP），申请人已经开发了BCI系统，其目前在非侵入式BCI系统的领域中提供最高的通信速度。然而，该系统的应用完全瘫痪的患者是不可能的，本项目的目标是扩展现有的c-VEP BCI系统，以提高准确性和改善的可用性。此外，申请人希望使c-VEP可用于完全瘫痪的患者。由于后者特别重要，因此应采用不同的方法。首先，视觉刺激应适于在没有眼球运动的情况下使用，并且将使用代码调制刺激到诱发电位的方法应转移到听觉刺激，以使BCI系统可由盲人或视力受损的人使用。因此，用于信号处理的方法也需要改进。此外，无监督机器学习方法应用于BCI的校准。这是一种全新的方法，应该能够将BCI用于完全闭锁综合征患者，因为所有现有的BCI系统都不起作用。在项目结束时，用户友好的BCI系统应与外部合作伙伴合作进行完全瘫痪测试。

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) allows to communicate or to control a computer by means of brain activity only. The aim of this technology is to enable completely paralyzed persons to communicate and interact with their environment. In previous works, it was shown that visual evoked potentials that are modulated by a pseudorandom code can be utilized for BCI control. Based on these code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEPs), the applicant has developed a BCI system, which currently provides the highest communication speeds in the area of non-invasive BCI systems. However, the application of this system for completely paralyzed patients is not possible yet.The goal of this project is the extension of the current c-VEP BCI system to increase the accuracy and improve the usability. Further, the applicant wants to make the c-VEP useable by patients who are completely paralyzed. Since the latter is of special importance, different approaches shall be used. First, the visual stimulation should be adapted to be useable without eye movement and the method using code-modulated Stimuli to evoked potentials shall be transferred to auditory stimulation to make the BCI system useable by people who are blind or have impaired vision. Therefore, also the methods used for signal processing need to be improved. Further, unsupervised machine learning methods should be used for calibration of the BCI. This is a completely novel approach and should enable the use of BCIs also for patients with complete locked-in syndrome, for whom all existing BCI systems does not work. At the end of the project, the user-friendly BCI system should be tested with completely paralyzed in cooperation with external partners.