Improving Health Outcomes for an Aging Population

项目摘要/摘要 改善老龄化人口的健康状况 此应用程序扩展了一个长期运行的NBER计划项目，该项目涉及老年人的健康和福祉 人口。我们的研究计划侧重于更好地了解健康趋势和差异、决定因素 以及有效利用卫生保健资源，以改善老龄化人口的结果 不断演变的景观。项目1(Case和Deaton)探索不同地域、种族的健康趋势的差异 以及种族、教育和队列，确定和分析那些健康的人的生活环境 人们的幸福感也在恶化。项目2(Maestas)侧重于疼痛和阿片类药物日益普遍的问题 使用，以及它们与健康结果、工作和残疾计划登记的关系。项目3(迪夫洛) 分析老龄化、贫困人口中慢性病的快速增长(重点是印度)，以及潜在的 在全球范围内，公共政策干预在改善健康方面的作用。项目4(Baicker和Obermeyer) 将机器学习工具应用于管理数据，以确定过度使用(反映医疗保健几乎没有健康益处 相对于其成本或风险)和未充分利用(反映错过健康益处的机会) 服务，重点是诊断检测的案例。项目5(Kolstad和Handel)分析了 医生治疗决策中的信息技术，以及扩大使用的潜在健康益处 在医疗保健方面。项目6(Chandra和Sacarny)着眼于有关供应商质量的信息如何影响 患者对其医疗保健的决定，以及关于质量的信息是否改善了医疗保健市场 在竞争中表现。项目7(Baicker和Finkelstein)着眼于公共卫生的影响 为贫困成年人提供医疗保健和结果保险，采用随机对照设计 俄勒冈州的医疗保险彩票。项目8(威廉姆斯)着眼于刺激或阻碍研究和 医药创新，以及“新用途”问题导致投资不足的程度。 具有潜在积极社会价值的创新。方案项目利用方法、数据等方面的协同效应 资料来源和所处理的卫生问题，以卫生趋势和差距的共同主题为基础， 为患者和提供者提供的信息，以及不同政策改善健康的可能性。这项研究 在人口统计、人口健康、卫生政策、 医疗保健组织和医学。该方案项目还将继续作为组织 为NBER更大的从事与健康相关研究的学者社区成立的基金会，吸引了 来自每一代新一代经济学家的一些最有才华的科学家致力于健康问题的研究。 将这个社区与其他学科的健康研究人员联系起来，特别是在医学和临床领域，是一个 该方案的重要新目标，促进所需的跨学科方法来解决最 老龄化人口面临的紧迫健康问题。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Improving Health Outcomes for an Aging Population This application extends a long-running NBER program project on the health and wellbeing of an aging population. Our research plan focuses on better understanding health trends and disparities, the determinants of health, and the effective use of health care resources to improve outcomes for an aging population in an evolving landscape. Project 1 (Case and Deaton) explores variations in health trends across geography, race and ethnicity, education, and cohort, identifying and analyzing the life circumstances of those whose health and wellbeing have worsened. Project 2 (Maestas) focuses on the increasing prevalence of pain and opioid use, and their relationship to health outcomes, work, and disability program enrollment. Project 3 (Duflo) analyzes the rapid rise in chronic disease in aging, poorer populations (focusing on India), and the potential role of public policy interventions in improving health in a global context. Project 4 (Baicker and Obermeyer) applies machine learning tools to administrative data to identify overuse (reflecting care with little health benefit relative to its cost or risks) and underuse (reflecting missed opportunities for health benefits) of medical services, focusing on the case of diagnostic testing. Project 5 (Kolstad and Handel) analyzes the impact of information technology in physician treatment decisions, and the potential health benefits of expanded use of IT in health care. Project 6 (Chandra and Sacarny) looks at how information about provider quality affects patients' decisions about their medical care, and whether information on quality improves health care market performance through competition. Project 7 (Baicker and Finkelstein) looks at the effect of public health insurance on health care and outcomes for poor adults, using a randomized controlled design enabled by Oregon's health insurance lottery. Project 8 (Williams) looks at policies that stimulate or impede research and innovation in medicine, and the degree to which the “new uses” problem results in underinvestment in innovations with a potentially positive social value. The program project leverages synergies in methods, data sources, and health issues addressed, building on common themes of health trends and disparities, the role of information for patients and providers, and the potential for different policies to improve health. This research has particular importance in the context of societal changes in demographics, population health, health policy, health care organization, and medicine. The program project will also continue to serve as the organizational foundation for a much larger community of scholars engaged in health-related research at the NBER, attracting some of the most talented scientists from each new generation of economists to the study of health issues. Linking this community to health researchers in other disciplines, particularly in medical and clinical fields, is an important new aim of the program, fostering the cross-disciplinary approaches needed to tackle the most pressing health issues facing an aging population.