Nativity, Family, and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health and Behavior

描述（由申请人提供）：过去二十年来，美国青年的性健康和生殖健康及行为发生了重要变化。由于有移民背景的儿童是人口中增长最快的部分（Tienda和Haskins 2011），这些趋势的未来方向将越来越多地取决于健康和健康行为方面的出生差异。在向成年过渡期间的性健康和生殖健康及行为对健康和福祉具有终身影响，并随着医疗费用的飙升而产生重大经济后果。尽管大量的工作移民的健康优势，出生在生育率的差异，研究到目前为止，对性和生殖健康和移民青年的行为一直是有限的，并已停止解释观察到的出生差异。戈德堡博士建议使用两个具有全国代表性的纵向调查，以检查在性启动和第一次生育的时间和性传播感染的年轻男女在美国的存在的出生差异，并调查在健康出生差异的关键机制。可以想象，新移民在各种结果中观察到的健康优势（例如，Cho et al. 2004; Hummer et al. 2007）反映了他们的来源国社会化。为了研究社会化的背景是否以及如何影响出生和青年性健康和生殖健康与行为之间的联系，戈德堡博士建议将移民年龄的措施配对，这是早期社会化程度的重要代理人进入东道国机构和价值观，以及原籍地区。拟议的研究还将调查是否以及如何不同类型的家庭不稳定调解观察到的出生和利益的结果之间的关系。对移民健康优势的一个主要解释集中在移民儿童比当地人更倾向于与已婚父母以稳定的结合生活（Perreira and Ornelas 2011; Haskins and Tienda 2011）;然而，与移民有关的家庭破裂和重组，以及与远亲和非亲同居的时期，可能会给有移民背景的青年带来风险（Adsera和Tienda 2012; Angel和Tienda 1982; Tienda和Angel 1982）。 Goldberg需要在国际移民和美国儿童和家庭领域进行额外的实质性培训，以及生存分析和多层次建模等主题的方法培训。戈德堡的导师团队已经制定了一个定制的培训计划，其中包括正式的课程和研讨会，除了一对一的指导，这是为了在计划的时间内执行拟议的研究计划;扩展她的专业网络;以提高她的出版记录;而且，重要的是，产生一个有竞争力的联邦拨款建议。结合起来，这些活动将确保她成功地获得一个主要的研究型大学的学术职位。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The past two decades have witnessed important shifts in the sexual and reproductive health and behavior of U.S. youth. As children with migration backgrounds are the fastest-growing segment of the population (Tienda and Haskins 2011), the future direction of these trends increasingly will depend on nativity differentials in health and health behavior. Sexual and reproductive health and behavior during the transition to adulthood have lifelong implications for health and wellbeing, and major economic consequences as medical costs skyrocket. Despite a large body of work on the immigrant health advantage, and nativity differences in fertility, research to date on the sexual and reproductive health and behavior of immigrant youth has been limited and has stopped short of explaining observed nativity differentials. Dr. Goldberg proposes to use two nationally representative longitudinal surveys to examine nativity differences in the timing of sexual initiation and first birth and the presence of sexually transmitted infections among young men and women in the United States, and to investigate key mechanisms for nativity differentials in health. It is conceivable that recent immigrants' observed health advantage across a variety of outcomes (e.g., Cho et al. 2004; Hummer et al. 2007) reflects their source country socialization. To examine whether and how context of socialization influences observed links between nativity and youth sexual and reproductive health and behavior, Dr. Goldberg proposes to pair measures of age at immigration, an important proxy for the extent of early socialization into host country institutions and values, and region of origin. The proposed research also will investigate whether and how various types of family instability mediate observed relationships between nativity and the outcomes of interest. A major explanation for the immigrant health advantage centers on immigrant children's greater tendency than natives to live with married parents in stable unions (Perreira and Ornelas 2011; Haskins and Tienda 2011); however, family disruption and reconstitution associated with immigration, and periods of doubling up with extended kin and non-kin, may pose risks for youth with migration backgrounds (Adsera and Tienda 2012; Angel and Tienda 1982; Tienda and Angel 1982). To fulfill the proposed research plan, Dr. Goldberg requires additional substantive training in the areas of international immigration and U.S. children and families, and methodological training in topics such as survival analysis and multilevel modeling. Dr. Goldberg's team of mentors have developed a customized training plan that includes formal coursework and seminars in addition to one-on-one mentoring, which is designed to execute the proposed research plan within the planned timeframe; to extend her professional networks; to enhance her publication record; and, importantly, to produce a competitive federal grant proposal. Combined, these activities will ensure her success in obtaining an academic position at a major research university.