Engineering inhibitable kinesin motors to study axonal transport

描述（由申请人提供）：沿着细胞骨架细丝驱动货物运输的分子马达对细胞分裂、细胞运动、细胞内运输和纤毛功能等过程至关重要。由于细胞的极化性质和细胞体与突触区域之间的长距离，基于运动蛋白的微管丝运输在神经元细胞中尤为重要。在电机驱动的运输过程中的缺陷已知有助于神经退行性疾病和其他疾病。然而，定义每个运动蛋白在神经突生长过程中的确切运输贡献，细胞极化，

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Molecular motors that drive cargo transport along cytoskeletal filaments are critical for processes such as cell division, cell motility, intracellulr trafficking and ciliary function. Kinesin- based transport along microtubule filaments is particularly important in neuronal cells due to the polarized nature of the cell and the long distances between the cell body and synaptic regions. Defects in motor-driven transport processes are known to contribute to neurodegenerative and other diseases. Yet defining the exact transport contribution of each kinesin motor during neurite outgrowth, cellular polarization, axon generation and pathfinding, and circuit formation has been hindered by a lack of methods to control transport in an acute and motor-specific manner. In this proposal, we will take an "engineered chemical-genetic approach" to generate kinesin motors that can be inhibited by small molecules. Using kinesin-1 as a prototype, we will genetically modify kinesin-1's motor domain with sequences that can be chemically targeted by cell-permeable inhibitors. We will first characterize the inhibitable motors using in vitro assays that yield quantitative measures of motor activity. Successful inhibitory strategies will then be characterized by live cell imaging in fibroblasts and primary hippocampal neurons to define the exact complement of kinesin-1 cargoes. This work will provide the basis for future work aimed at a) developing animal models for studying kinesin-1 transport and b) generating inhibitable motors of the kinesin-2 and kinesin-3 families. This work will provide exciting new insights into how kinesin motors give rise to coordinated transport of protein complexes in cells and will suggest therapeutic targets in human disease.