VISUAL FIELD EXPANSION THROUGH INNOVATIVE MULTIPLEXING PRISM DESIGN

项目摘要/摘要 严重的周边视野丧失(PFL)，有时被称为隧道视力，是由于视网膜色素变性和 相关疾病以及青光眼。目前还没有有效的视觉辅助设备来帮助这些患者。 他们的行动能力受到这种损害的严重影响。视觉多路复用作为一种新概念 低视力设备的设计原则为众多设备的发展提供了指导 造成视野损失。移位空间多路复用与双目多路复用相结合，已经成为一种 事实证明对同名偏盲有有效的帮助。这种方法称为EP棱镜，使用单边 棱镜，并被应用于对复视有很好容忍的外围领域，并已演变为一种 成功的光学治疗。在众多研究中，一半或更多的患者安装了EP棱镜 继续长期佩戴和使用该设备，并报告提高了移动性。对于PFL，特里菲尔德 棱镜眼镜，一种双目多路转换设备，对患有中枢性视觉障碍的患者实施视觉混淆 隧道视觉(例如，由于RP)已被证明要困难得多。尽管没有替代的艾滋病 尽管它对25%的患者有效，但它还没有进入市场。 它的构造非常复杂，大多数患者发现它强加的中央复视令人不安。在……里面 考虑到两种方法的成功和局限性，患者的主要要求 随着严重的PFL，和动态的行走情况，我们设计了一个新的视觉辅助设备，Quadrafield 镜头(制造人工周边视觉孤岛)。这是通过施加近周围场来实现的 扩展，同时避免了以前设计的中心混淆和领域权衡。我们还发明了一种 新的光学元件，一种可以应用于这种设备和其他设备的“多路复用棱镜”。多路传输 棱镜提供移位和直接透视的同时(单目)叠加视图 视野。保持透明视野可以治疗单眼患者。它还 允许将棱镜安装在更靠近中心场地的位置，即使有时由于头部的原因而被侵占 活动时，中心凹的视野并未完全受阻。此外，我们还找到了一种方法来将 规则的垂直头部上下摆动成横向扫描通过棱镜，实现时间 多路传输。 在这里，我们建议将多路复用棱镜作为一种 辅助PFL，用于实验室研究中的四场透镜，并最终在多中心 随机对照临床试验。

Project Summary / Abstract Severe peripheral field loss (PFL) sometimes called tunnel vision is a result of retinitis pigmentosa and related diseases as well as glaucoma. Currently there are no effective visual aids for these patients whose mobility is seriously affected by this impairment. The novel concept of vision multiplexing as a design principle for low vision devices has provided guidance for the development of numerous devices for visual field losses. Spatial multiplexing by shifting, combined with biocular multiplexing, has been a proven effective aid for homonymous hemianopia. This approach, known as EP Prisms, uses unilateral prisms, and is applied to the peripheral field where double vision is well tolerated, and has evolved into a successful optical treatment. In numerous studies half or more of patients fitted with the EP prisms continue to wear and use the device over a long term and reported improved mobility. For PFL, Trifield prism spectacles, a biocular multiplexing device that applied central visual confusion to patients with tunnel vision (e. g., due to RP) has proven much more difficult. Despite there being no alternative aids available, and despite it being effective for 25% of patients, it has not made inroads in the marketplace. It is very complicated to construct and most patient find the central double vision it imposes disturbing. In considering the successful and limiting aspects of both approaches, the main requirements of patients with severe PFL, and the dynamic of a walking situation, we have designed a new visual aid, Quadrafield lens (creating artificial peripheral visual islands). This is achieved by applying near peripheral field expansion while avoiding the central confusion and fields tradeoffs of prior designs. We also invented a new optical element, a "multiplexing prism" that can be applied to this and other devices. Multiplexing prisms provide simultaneous (monocularly) superimposed views of the shifted and direct see-through fields of view. The maintenance of the see through view permits treatment of monocular patients. It also permits fitting the prisms closer to the central field, as even with occasional encroachment, due to head movements, foveal vision is not completely blocked. In addition we have found a way to convert the regular vertical head bobbing motion into a lateral scanning through the prisms, implementing temporal multiplexing. Here we propose to implement, tune, and test the effectiveness of the multiplexing prisms as an aid for PFL, when used in the Quadrafield lens in laboratory studies and culminating in a multicenter randomized control clinical trial.