Influence of Age and Social Context on the Dynamics of Emotion Regulation

描述(由申请人提供)：本申请涉及广泛的挑战领域(R21)：自律基础研究，RFA-AG-11-010：研究自律基本机制的探索性/发展性研究应用。我们对情绪调节的实时动态的了解有限，部分原因是当前编码系统的劳动和时间密集型本质，以及对忽视与时间相关的信息和社会背景的统计方法的依赖。本研究的主要目的是评估社会伴侣对情绪调节基本过程中年龄相关差异的影响。我们建议通过以下方式促进对情绪调节基本过程的理解：1)通过高时间分辨率的自动获取测量面部表情、声音韵律和头部运动的交流展示；2)包括社会伴侣以测试人内和人与人之间情绪表达调节的差异；3)估计情绪体验和情绪线索知觉中的敏感性对情绪调节年龄相关差异的贡献。这些发现将进一步加深我们对基本情绪调节过程的理解，并为建立干预措施提供基础，这些干预措施有可能在整个生命周期内改变交流方面的研究。有越来越多的文献记录了从年轻到成年后期情绪调节与年龄相关的积极变化。老年人报告说，与年轻人相比，他们在调节情绪方面更有效。相比之下，其他研究表明，表达和感知情感信息的能力与年龄有关。与年龄相关的情绪调节改善，以及负面情绪表达和感知的下降，需要在对话中情绪调节的背景下进行解释。对话需要同时调节主观情绪，调节表达的情绪，以及对对话伙伴表达的情绪的感知。目前尚不清楚这些与年龄相关的情绪知觉和表达差异如何在自然的人际代际互动中对情绪调节做出贡献。本研究的目标是：(A)检验情绪调节的差异取决于对话伙伴是否在场；(B)评估与年龄相关的情绪调节差异与对话伙伴的年龄相关；(C)估计表达自己情绪和感知他人情绪的能力对观察到的情绪调节动态的贡献。 公共卫生相关性：本研究的主要目的是评估社会伴侣对情绪调节基本过程中年龄相关差异的影响。这项研究将为建立交流干预措施和开发早期发现生理和心理障碍的非侵入性诊断工具提供基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application addresses broad Challenge Area (R21): Basic Research on Self-Regulation, RFA-AG-11-010: Exploratory/developmental research applications examining basic mechanisms of self-regulation. Our knowledge of the real-time dynamics of emotion regulation is limited in part due to the labor- and time-intensive nature of current coding systems as well as reliance on statistical methods that ignore time-relevant information and social context. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of a social partner on age-related differences in basic processes of emotion regulation. We propose to advance current understanding of basic processes of emotion regulation by i) measuring communicative displays of facial expression, vocal prosody, and head movement through automated acquisition with high temporal resolution, ii) inclusion of a social partner to test differences between within- person and between-person regulation of emotional expression, and iii) estimate contributions of emotion experience and sensitivity in the perception of emotion cues to age-related differences in emotion regulation. These findings will further our understanding of basic emotion regulation processes and provide a foundation on which to build interventions that have the potential to transform research in communication throughout the lifespan. There is a growing literature documenting positive age-related changes in emotion regulation from young through late adulthood. Older adults report being more effective at regulating their emotions compared to younger adults. In contrast other studies suggest age-related declines in the ability to express and perceive emotional information. Concurrent age- related improvements in emotion regulation and declines in expression and perception of negative emotions require explanation in the context of emotion regulation during a conversation. Conversations require simultaneous regulation of subjective emotions, regulation of expressed emotions, and perception of expressed emotions of the conversational partner. It is as yet unclear how these observed age-related differences in perception and expression of emotions contribute to emotion regulation in natural interpersonal intergenerational interactions. The goals of the current project are to (a) examine differences in emotion regulation depending on whether a conversational partner is present or absent, (b) to evaluate age-related differences in emotion regulation related to the age of a conversational partner, and (c) to estimate contributions of the ability to express one's own emotions and perceive others' emotions on observed dynamics of emotion regulation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of a social partner on age-related differences in basic processes of emotion regulation. This research will provide a foundation on which to build interventions for communication and to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools for early detection of physiological and psychological disorders.