Discrimination, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications in Black Ethnic Groups

描述（由申请人提供）：糖尿病是美国发病率和死亡率的主要原因。根据疾病控制中心的数据，糖尿病影响了美国约2580万（1880万确诊，700万未确诊）20岁或以上的人（8.3%）。在2580万糖尿病患者中，有2400万人患有2型糖尿病。此外，糖尿病患者患几种与健康有关的并发症的风险增加， 包括心血管疾病。1 -2与白人相比，黑人患2型糖尿病和心血管并发症的风险不成比例。然而，许多调查黑人/白色健康差异的研究没有考虑黑人人口中种族差异的影响。1-4最近，种族歧视在美国备受关注。 文学作为一种可能的压力源，导致黑人健康状况不佳和健康差距。加勒比地区和美国种族歧视的历史大相径庭，种族歧视对理解美国人的健康差异非常重要，然而，大多数涉及种族歧视和健康结果的研究并没有解决居住在美国的黑人人口中的种族/出生健康差异，特别是歧视对糖尿病和心血管并发症的影响，如心脏病发作和中风。47 -52，60-75因此，本研究的目标是检查美国人的歧视经历、糖尿病和心血管并发症之间的关系。出生和加勒比出生的黑人参加美国生活的全国调查（NSAL）。该提案强调，必须将族裔多样性和歧视视为散居黑人群体健康结果差异的根源。查明与加勒比出生的黑人的种族、糖尿病和心血管并发症相互作用的因素，将提高对不同黑人族裔群体之间存在的健康差异的认识，区分高风险族裔群体和低风险族裔群体，查明健康优势，并提供机会，在脆弱的种族亚群体中进行有效干预。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Diabetes Mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control, diabetes affects approximately 25.8 million (18.8 million diagnosed, 7 million undiagnosed) people age 20 years or older in the U.S. (8.3%). Of the 25.8 million people with diabetes, 24 million have type 2 diabetes. In addition, diabetics are at an increased risk for several health-related complications, including cardiovascular disease.1-2 there is a disproportionate risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications among Blacks compared to Whites. However, numerous studies that investigate Black/White health disparities fail to consider the influence of ethnic variation within the Black population. 1-4 recently, racial discrimination has received much attention in the literature as a possible stressor contributing to poor health outcomes and health disparities among the Black population. As evidenced by the vastly different histories of racial discrimination in the Caribbean and the U.S., racial discrimination is of great importance to understanding the health differences among U.S.-born Blacks and Caribbean-born Blacks residing in the U.S. However, the majority of studies involving racial discrimination and health outcomes do not address the ethnic/nativity health differences within the Black population living in the U.S., and specifically, the effects of discrimination on diabetes and cardiovascular complications, such as heart attacks and stroke.47-52, 60-75 Therefore, the goal of this study will be to examine the relationship between discrimination experiences, diabetes and cardiovascular complications among U.S.-born and Caribbean-born Blacks participating in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). This proposal emphasizes the importance of considering ethnic diversity and discrimination as sources of dissimilarities in health outcomes within the Black Diaspora. Identifying the factors that interact with ethnicity, diabetes and cardiovascular complications in Caribbean-born Blacks will raise awareness of health differences that exist among different Black ethnic groups, distinguish high risk ethnic groups from low risk ethnic groups, identify health advantages and provide opportunities to intervene effectively among vulnerable racial sub groups.