Design of Digital Pulpascope

描述（由申请人提供）：根管治疗（RCT）是由牙医进行的显微外科手术，适用于核心软组织发生细菌感染的牙齿。手术是在病人的口腔内进行的，方法是在受影响的牙齿内钻一个小口，然后通过准备好的开口去除感染的组织。RCT的30%的失败率主要归因于能见度不足以及能够充分放大和照亮显微手术部位的光学仪器不足。因此，申报的数字牙髓镜（DP）旨在直接解决RCT期间因可见性有限而产生的手术并发症。DP将通过实现以下目标来改善RCT的预后：（1）它应该具有包含在无线手持设备中的可调节的放大率和照明能力，（2）它应该通过符合人体工程学、成本有效和与标准牙科消毒程序兼容而容易地集成到牙科实践中，以及（3）器械应采用定制设计的软件，该软件支持广泛的视频、照片和其他与RCT相关的功能。 初步结果是从伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳尚潘分校机械科学与工程系的一个学生设计团队获得的。设计团队得出结论，梯度折射率（GRIN）透镜组件耦合到900三棱镜将实现所需的放大率要求。他们还发现，光源的选择应使不必要的反射和干涉效应最小化，并充分照亮样品。 拟议的工作将以初步调查结果为基础，以开发一个具有强大商业化潜力的原型。需要改进的具体领域包括：（1）使用带有防反射涂层的光学器件，以减少不必要的眩光并提高吞吐量（超过20%）;（2）在DP外壳尖端使用表面贴装LED，可使到达相机的可用光线增加25%。拟议的工作将探索优化成本和性能的路线。商业上可用的组件，如GRIN透镜中继系统，LED照明系统，分束器和无线CMOS相机传感器将用于构建DP的最终模型。最终的模型将通过严格的测试， 完成90项关于人工牙科训练模拟器的随机对照试验，并将外推的设计修改应用于构建第一个无线牙髓视频内窥镜。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A root canal treatment (RCT) is a microscopic surgical procedure performed by dentists and is indicated for teeth that have developed a bacterial infection of the core soft tissues. The surgery is done inside the patient's mouth by drilling a small opening inside the affected tooth and by removing the infected tissue through the prepared opening. The 30% failure rate of RCT's is mainly attributable to insufficient visibility and to the deficiency of optical instruments that are capable of adequately magnifying and illuminating the site of microsurgery. Therefore, the proposed Digital Pulpascope (DP) aims to directly address the surgical complications that develop from limited visibility during RCTs. The DP will improve the prognosis of RCTs by accomplishing the following objectives: (1) it should have adjustable magnification and illumination capabilities that are contained in a wireless handheld device, (2) it should be easily integrated into a dental practice by being ergonomic, cost efficient, and compatible with standard dental sterilization procedures, and (3) the device should employ a custom-designed software that supports a wide range of video, photo, and other functions relevant to RCT's. Preliminary results were obtained from a student design team from the Department for Mechanical Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. The design team concluded that a graded-index (GRIN) lens assembly coupled to a 900 triangular prism would achieve the desired magnification requirements. They also found that a light source should be chosen such that unwanted reflections and interference effects are minimized and the sample is sufficiently illuminated. The proposed work will build on the preliminary findings in order to develop a prototype that has strong potential for commercialization. Specific areas for improvement will be: (1) the use of optics with anti - reflection coatings to reduce unwanted glare and improve throughput (by more than 20%) and (2) the use of a surface mount LED at the tip of the DP casing could allow for up to 25% increase in the available light reaching the camera. The proposed work will explore routes for optimized cost and performance. Commercially available components such as a GRIN lens relay system, an LED illumination system, a beam splitter, and a wireless CMOS-based camera sensor will be used to construct the DP's final model. The final model will rigorously be tested by completing 90 RCTs on artificial dental training simulators, and the extrapolated design modifications will be applied to build the first wireless endodontic videoendoscope.