HIV and Substance Abuse Epidemiology among IDUs: Structural and Network Risk Fact

描述（由申请人提供）：这个指导科学家职业发展奖（K 01）将提供具体的培训，指导，并保护时间，以促进 候选人向研究独立的过渡。她的培训目标是发展地理信息系统（GIS）和社会计量网络分析的高级技能，接受研究道德行为的进一步培训，特别是在国际/跨文化环境中，并获得赠款写作和合作研究的技能。这些培训目标将通过教学课程和专门讲习班相结合，指导负责任地进行研究，指导阅读导师，并与培训委员会成员谁是艾滋病毒，药物滥用，边境卫生，地理信息系统和社交网络研究的国内和国际知名专家会议。这项研究的目的非常符合NIDA的使命，即“利用科学的力量来控制药物滥用和成瘾”，并将通过一项部分嵌入现有研究El Cuete（R37 DA 019829; PI：Strathdee）的研究来进行。拟议研究的具体目标是：1）开发GIS模型，以检查邻里（科洛尼亚）特征与a）HIV和B）最近自愿药物治疗进入的聚类之间的关系，2）识别与a）HIV和B）最近自愿药物治疗条目和3）建立多个水平的地理加权模型，以检查独立的和综合的影响，科洛尼亚和社会计量网络相关的a）艾滋病毒和B）最近自愿药物治疗的入境。将从最近在El Cuete入组的患者中选择来自墨西哥蒂华纳8个不同殖民地的16名“种子”，以启动K 01研究的300名额外注射吸毒者的同行招募。为了促进K 01样本的地理多样性，将要求种子报告更大的移动性（>1个科洛尼亚中的活体、注射和/或购买药物）。为了促进同行招募和识别所有网络关系（社会计量网络），参与者将收到10张招募券（带有唯一的招募者ID，与他/她的研究ID不同），如果需要，将更多招募券分发给IDU网络成员。IDU网络成员可由其招募人员陪同（同行推荐）前往研究中心;如果他们独自抵达，则必须正确识别其招募人员。参与者还将提供关于注射吸毒者网络成员的信息，这些信息将与研究参与者（在El Cuete和K 01研究中）提供的定位信息进行比较，以确定其他网络联系。社会计量网络数据将通过以下方式创建：1）连接同行推荐，2）通过招募单ID链接个人，以及3）将IDU网络成员信息与参与者定位器表格上的信息进行匹配，以识别其他关系。参与者还将为他/她花费超过1/2时间，购买毒品，使用毒品和社交的地点提供地理编码点。这项建议的发现将对招募隐藏人口产生影响，并将指导未来多层次的发展。 减少艾滋病毒传播和增加自愿戒毒治疗的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Scientist Career Development Award (K01) will provide the specific training, mentorship, and protected time required to facilitate the candidate's transition to research independence. Her training objectives are to develop advanced skills in geographic information systems (GIS) and sociometric network analysis, receive further training in the ethical conduct of research, particularly in international/cross-cultural settings and acquire skills in grant-writing and collaborative research. These training aims will be accomplished through a combination of didactic coursework and specialized workshops, instruction in the responsible conduct of research, directed readings with mentors, and meetings with training committee members who are nationally and internationally renowned experts in HIV, substance abuse, border health, GIS, and social networks research. The research aims fit well with NIDA's mission to bring "the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction" and will be carried out through a study partially embedded in an existing study, El Cuete (R37 DA019829; PI: Strathdee). The specific aims of the proposed research are to: 1) develop GIS models to examine the relationship between neighborhood (colonia) characteristics and clustering of a) HIV and b) recent voluntary drug treatment entry, 2) identify sociometric network attributes associated with a) HIV and b) recent voluntary drug treatment entry and 3) build a multi-level geographically weighted model to examine the independent and combined influence of colonia and sociometric network correlates on a) HIV and b) recent voluntary drug treatment entry. Sixteen "seeds" from 8 different colonias in Tijuana, Mexico will be selected from those recently enrolled in El Cuete to initiate the peer recruitment of 300 additional IDUs for the K01 study. To promote geographic diversity in the K01 sample, seeds will be required to report greater mobility (live, inject, and/or buy drugs in >1 colonia). To facilitate peer recruitmnt and the identification of all network ties (a sociometric network), participants will receive 10 recruitment tickets (with a unique recruiter ID, distinct from his/her study ID) and more if needed to distribute to IDU network members. IDU network members may be accompanied to the study site by their recruiter (peer-referral); if they arrive alone, they must correctly identify their per recruiter. Participants will also provide information about IDU network members which will be compared with locator information provided by study participants (in El Cuete and the K01 study) to identify additional network ties. Sociometric network data will be created by 1) connecting peer referrals, 2) linking individuals via recruitment ticket IDs, and 3) matching IDU network member information with that on participant locator forms to identify additional ties. Participants will also provide geocodable points for the locations where he/she spends > 1/2 of his/her time, buys drugs, uses drugs, and socializes. Findings from this proposal will have implications for recruiting hidden populations and will guide the development of future multi-level interventions to reduce HIV transmission and increase voluntary drug treatment entry.