Breathing and Walking Coupling Variability in COPD

健康的步态表现出自然的步幅波动，经过大量的观察， 特殊的秩序或结构。这种现象被称为“生理复杂性”。这种复杂性是 被认为是有益的运动系统，因为它允许最佳的适应性，同时也确保 稳定、连贯的运动，这两者都是安全地在真实世界的动态环境中导航所必需的。 步行到一个不变的外部刺激，因为它是在目前的步态康复的情况下，导致故障 步态的这一关键特性，因为它不包含复杂性，纯粹是周期性的。我们提出了一种新 可变的视觉刺激，反映了在健康步态中观察到的自然变化。刺激措施的基础是 分形理论，这意味着它不仅仅是一个随机变化的刺激。相反，它有一定的重复性， 模式包含在不同的时间结构，反映健康的步态。我们建议这个设计 为神经肌肉系统提供最佳的稳定性和灵活性。在目标1中，我们将执行 在老年人中进行实验，以巩固步态复杂性预测一个人适应能力的理论 内部和外部的干扰。在目标2和目标3中，我们将确定 步行的时间，以可变的视觉刺激对老年人的步态谁是在福尔斯的风险，由于穷人 步态性能我们的初步数据表明，步态变异性的复杂结构被改变， 老年人，但可以恢复到类似于年轻人的水平时，他们暴露于一个变量 外部刺激我们的目的是调查长期和保留效果的训练与这种刺激 （与用不变或完全随机的视觉刺激进行训练相比） 步态变异性我们希望我们的研究结果将证实所提出的可变视觉刺激的功效 通过积极影响老年人的福尔斯风险和功能，从而揭示了一种简单，低成本的治疗方法， 这可能使他们能够更长时间地保持独立。我们研究的长期目标是。 将这一新的刺激措施及其所基于的创新理论框架应用于所有人群 因受伤（如术后）或疾病（如中风）而导致步态受损的患者。

Healthy gait exhibits natural stride-to-stride fluctuations that over large series of observations reveal a particular order or structure. This phenomenon is referred to as "physiological complexity". This complexity is thought to be beneficial to the locomotor system as it allows for optimal adaptability, while also ensuring stable, coherent movement, both of which are required to safely navigate realworid, dynamic environments. Walking to an invariant external stimulus as it is the case in current gait rehabilitation leads to a breakdown of this critical property of gait, as it contains no complexity and is purely periodic. We propose a novel variable visual stimulus that reflects the natural variability observed in healthy gait. The stimulus is based on the theory of fractals, meaning it is not simply a randomly variable stimulus. Rather, it has a certain repeated pattern contained within a varying temporal structure, mirroring healthy gait. We propose that this design provides optimal stability and flexibility to the neuromuscular system. In Aim 1, we will carry out an experiment in older adults to consolidate the theory that complexity in gait predicts a person's ability to adapt to internal and external perturbations. In Aims 2 and 3, we will determine the short- and long-term effects of walking in time to the variable visual stimulus on the gait of older adults who are at risk of falls due to poor gait performance. Our preliminary data has shown that the complex structure of gait variability is altered in older adults, but can be restored to levels similar to young adults when they are exposed to a variable external stimulus. We aim to investigate the long-term and retention effects of training with this stimuli (compared to training with an invariant or a completely random visual stimulus) on the restoration of optimal gait variability. We expect that our findings will confirm the efficacy of the proposed variable visual stimulus by positively influencing falls risk and function in older adults, thereby revealing a simple, low-cost therapy that could potentially enable them to remain independent for longer. The longer term goal of our research is. to apply this novel stimulus, and the innovative theoretical framework on which it is based, to all populations that experience gait impairments due to injury (e.g. post-operatively) or disease (e.g. stroke).