2014 Biomineralization Gordon Research Conference & Gordon Research Seminar

描述(由申请者提供)：2014生物矿化GRC是这一长期、高评级的GRC会议的50周年纪念日，表明了多年来对该活动的高度卓越和热情。生物矿化领域很广，大多数门都有60多种已鉴定的生物矿物质。这次首届会议吸引了最优秀和最聪明的科学家，他们研究了许多不同生物体中矿化的生物调节。事实上，引发矿化的硬化策略具有许多功能，这取决于产生生物矿物的有机体，对脊椎动物来说，这包括：i)骨骼支持、移动、保护和充当骨骼中的离子储存库；ii)牙齿咀嚼食物；iii)在人类内耳耳锥中提供平衡感和线性加速。在非脊椎动物中，生物矿化的作用是：1)使细菌在磁场中排列，2)在洋流中为浮游植物创造浮力元素，3)在植物中提供矿物质离子储存库和保护，4)保护海洋生物并提供光学功能，以及5)保护胚胎免受细菌入侵和蛋壳中的干燥。指导生物矿化的许多基本原则适用于所有这些有机结构，从它们的集体调查中可以学到很多东西，这是这次会议的独特之处之一。指导生物矿化过程的分子决定因素的新知识也为功能材料的合理工程带来了新的生物启发的思维，主要基于含纳米矿物的有序结构、薄膜和块体材料的硬化设计策略。这本GRC/GRS将探索生物体合成、控制和利用矿物质的基本原理，以及这些原理的潜在应用，特别是当它们与创造新的、生物调节的 矿化材料。这次会议计划举行的会议包括：生物矿物成核与生长，细胞内生物矿化，海洋无脊椎动物中的生物矿化，海洋无脊椎动物生物矿化的调控，生物矿化的蛋白质/肽调控，生物矿化的计算模拟，正常和病理性生物矿化的转基因小鼠模型，以及矿化材料特性和生物灵感材料。主旨会议(地球和生物圈的共同进化)将由华盛顿地球物理实验室卡内基研究所的罗伯特·哈森作为主旨演讲人，发表题为《矿物和生命如何共同进化》的演讲。包括一名受训人员/基于早期调查员的GRS立即进行GRC确保了生物矿化领域下一代研究人员的科学和专业发展。GRS参与者都继续作为GRC参与者，因此基本上为受训人员/早期调查人员提供了整整一周的科学交流。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The 2014 Biomineralization GRC is the 50th anniversary of this longstanding, highly rated GRC conference indicating a high level of excellence and enthusiasm over many years for this event. The biomineralization field is broad, with over 60 identified biominerals cutting across most phyla. This premier conference attracts the best and brightest scientists investigating biological regulation of mineralization in many diverse organisms. Indeed, hardening strategies invoking mineralization have many functions depending on the organism producing the biomineral, which for vertebrates includes i) skeletal support, locomotion, protection and serving as an ion reservoir in bones, ii) mastication of food by teeth, and iii) providing for sensation of balance and linear acceleration in human inner ear otoconia. In nonvertebrates, biomineralization functions to i) align bacteria within a magnetic field, ii) create bouyancy elements for phytoplankton in ocean currents, iii) provide mineral ion storage depots and protection in plants, iv) protect and provide optical functions in marine organisms, and v) protect embryos from bacterial invasion and dessication in eggshells. Many fundamental principles guiding biomineralization apply to all these organismal structures, and much can be learned from their collective investigation, which is one of the unique features of this meeting. New knowledge of the molecular determinants guiding biomineralization processes also leads to new bioinspired thinking for the rational engineering of functional materials based largely on hardening design strategies for nanomineral- containing organized structures, thin films and bulk materials. This GRC/GRS will explore the basic principles by which organisms synthesize, control and make use of minerals, as well as the potential applications of these, particularly as they relate to the creation of novel, biologically regulated mineralized materials. Sessions planned for this meeting are: Biomineral nucleation and growth, Intracellular biomineralization, Biominerals in marine invertebrates, Regulation of biomineralization in marine invertebrates, Protein/peptide regulation of biomineralization, Computational simulations of biomineralization, Transgenic mouse models for normal and pathologic biomineralization, and Mineralized material properties and bioinspired materials. The Keynote Session(Co-evolution of the geo- and biospheres) will have Robert Hazen as keynote speaker from the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Geophysical Laboratory giving a talk entitled "How minerals and life co- evolve." The inclusion of a trainee/early-stage investigator-based GRS immediately proceeding the GRC assures scientific and professional development for the next generation of researchers in the biomineralization field. The GRS participants all continue as GRC participants, thus providing essentially a full week of scientific exchange for the trainees/early-stage investigators.