Treatment Study Using Depot Naltrexone(2/6)Rhode Island Protocol Treatment Site

描述(申请人提供)：自20世纪60年代以来，阿片成瘾在美国各地仍然很普遍，很大一部分吸毒者参与了犯罪活动，以支持他们的习惯。从监狱释放后，复发到阿片成瘾非常常见，这导致更多的犯罪和再次监禁。药物领域的治疗进展尚未惠及这一人群。美沙酮和丁丙诺啡等有效药物并没有被检察官和法官很好地接受。对于受到法律约束的患者，很难获得对最有效治疗方法进行研究的许可，因为知情同意是有问题的。纳曲酮是一种阿片受体拮抗剂，已显示出防止阿片成瘾复发的药理效果，尽管很少使用，但已被报道在假释犯人群中临床有效。最近，一种为期一个月的仓库配方获得了FDA的批准，用于治疗酒精中毒。这项研究的目的是确定每月注射纳曲酮在预防复发方面是否实用和有效，以及与通常的治疗相比较。我们还将监测艾滋病毒危险行为，以确定干预是否降低了艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎感染的风险。这一合作项目将在六个治疗地点进行，那里有大量有阿片成瘾史的假释犯。为了防止哪怕是一种微妙的胁迫，假释官的转介都不会被接受。在通过尿检确定所有志愿者没有阿片类药物，并且通过纳洛酮测试确定目前没有阿片类药物依赖后，他们将被随机分配到纳曲酮仓库或照常治疗(TAU)。两组参与者将通过自我报告、尿检和头发分析获得相同的每月随访，为期六个月。每月在两次探视之间将进行一次额外的随机尿检。两组都将在6个月和12个月后进行重新评估。宾夕法尼亚大学将作为协调地点，每个地点将有一个随机目标，在3.5至4年内每年增加20名新患者，以积累总计360至400名参与者。治疗结果将通过尿检、毛发分析、自我报告和继续治疗来衡量。纳曲酮和对照组都将获得相同的代金券激励，以继续参加该计划。将进行效益-成本分析，将治疗成本与减少犯罪、重新监禁和医疗服务以及增加就业方面的可量化效益进行比较。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Opioid addiction has remained widespread throughout the United States since the 1960s and a large proportion of users are involved in crimes to support their habits. After release from incarceration, relapse to opioid addiction is very common and this leads to more crimes and re-incarceration. Treatment advances in the area of medications have not reached this population. Effective medications such as methadone and buprenorphine are not well accepted by prosecutors and judges. Permission to conduct research on the most effective treatment approaches is very difficult to obtain for patients under legal restraint because informed consent is problematic. Naltrexone, an opiate receptor antagonist, has demonstrated pharmacological efficacy in preventing relapse to opioid addiction and it has been reported to be clinically effective in parolee populations although it is rarely used. Recently a depot formulation with a one month duration has received FDA approval for the treatment of alcoholism. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a monthly injection of naltrexone is practical and useful in the prevention of relapse and when compared to treatment as usual. We will also monitor HIV risk behaviors to determine whether the intervention reduces risk of HIV and hepatitis C infections. This collaborative project will take place in six treatment sites where there is a large population of parolees with a history of opiate addiction. In order to prevent even a subtle form of coercion, referrals from parole officers will not be accepted. After determining that all volunteers are opiate free by urine test and not currently opiate dependent using a naloxone test, they will be randomized to depot naltrexone or Treatment as Usual (TAU). Participants in both groups will be given identical follow up monthly for six months with measures of opiate use by self-report, urine test and hair analysis. An additional random urine test will take place each month between monthly visits. Both groups will be re-evaluated six and 12 months later. The University of Pennsylvania will be the coordinating site and each site will have a randomization goal of 20 new patients per year over 3.5 to 4 years to accrue a total of 360 to 400 participants. Treatment outcome will be measured by urine tests, hair analysis, self-report and continuation in treatment. Both naltrexone and comparison groups will receive equivalent voucher incentives to remain in the program. A benefit-cost analysis will be conducted to compare the costs of the treatment with the quantifiable benefits in terms of reduced crime, re-incarceration and medical services and increased employment.