Rapid Measurement of Routinely Estimated Psychophysical Functions

描述(由申请人提供)：有效地收集行为数据是许多听觉科学家面临的重大挑战，特别是那些进行临床或发育研究的科学家。漫长的数据收集过程是制约从单个测试对象获得多少信息以及临床研究可以包括多少参与者的瓶颈。这项研究的长期目标是提高行为数据收集的效率，使对听觉心理物理模型的个性化估计成为可能。作为迈向这一目标的第一步，将详细研究两个重要的心理物理模型的估计。这两个模型是听觉滤波模型，即频谱分辨率模型，以及耳蜗输入输出函数，即外周非线性模型。这些模型的参数，如听滤波带宽和耳蜗输入输出函数的压缩比，已被证明是耳蜗健康的可靠指标，并可以预测阈值以上的听力障碍。拟合这些模型的经典程序使用基于阈值的方法：测量多个阈值，并使用这些阈值来拟合感兴趣的心理物理模型。对于拟议的程序，将使用贝叶斯算法来确保每个试验中呈现的刺激是最大限度地加快参数收敛速度的刺激。这种基于参数的方法允许使用单个实验轨迹和不到200次的试验来估计听觉滤波器或耳蜗输入输出函数。这大约比目前使用的程序快十倍。在建议的实验中，对于这两个模型，使用建议的程序和基于阈值的程序为正常听力听者估计的参数将进行比较，以确定新程序的相对可靠性。将确定新程序的最佳配置，例如如何启动和终止实验轨道。此外，为估计听觉过滤器而开发的程序将进一步开发，以确保其适合听力受损的听众。 在拟议的研究计划完成后，将向听力研究界提供用户友好的软件包，用于估计听觉过滤器和耳蜗输入输出功能。这项研究的结果预计将对听力和听力障碍的行为研究产生强大和持续的影响。随着程序的开发，为个别测试对象拟合基本听觉模型可以成为例行公事。这将为更好地了解听力的个体差异打开大门，因为科学家将能够在他们的实验中测试更多的参与者和/或进行更多的测量。此外，考虑到这些程序的效率，未来的实验者将更容易纵向跟踪听者的听力特征。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Collecting behavioral data efficiently is a significant challenge faced by many auditory scientists, especially those who conduct clinical or developmental research. The prolonged process of data collection is the bottleneck restricting how much information can be gained from a single test subject and how many participants can be included in a clinical study. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to increase the efficiency of behavioral data collection, making individualized estimation of auditory psychophysical models possible. As the first step toward this goal, the estimation of two important psychophysical models will be studied in detail. The two models are the auditory filter model, a model of spectral resolution, and the cochlear input-output function, a model of peripheral nonlinearity. The parameters of these models, such as the auditory-filter bandwidth and the compression ratio of the cochlear input-output function, have been shown to be reliable indicators of cochlear health and can predict supra-threshold listening deficits. Classical procedures to fit these models use threshold-based approaches: multiple thresholds are measured, and the psychophysical model of interest is fitted using those thresholds. For the proposed procedure, a Bayesian algorithm will used to ensure that the stimulus presented on each trial is the stimulus that maximally accelerates the rate of parameter convergence. This parameter-based approach allows the estimation of the auditory filter or the cochlear input-output function using a single experimental track and fewer than 200 trials. This is approximately ten times faster than procedures currently in use. In the proposed experiments, for both of these models, parameters estimated for normal hearing listeners using the proposed and threshold-based procedures will be compared to determine the relative reliability of the new procedure. The optimal configurations for the new procedure, e.g. how to initiate and terminate an experimental track, will be identified. Additionally, the procedure developed to estimate the auditory filter will be further developed to ensure its suitability for hearing-impaired listeners. Upon the completion of the proposed research program, user-friendly software packages will be made available to hearing research community for the estimation of the auditory filter and the cochlear input-output function. The outcome of this research is expected to have a strong and sustained impact on behavioral studies of hearing and hearing impairment. With the procedures to be developed, the fitting of fundamental auditory models for individual test subjects can become routine. This will open the door to a better understanding of the individual differences in hearing capability because scientists will be able to test more participants and/or make more measurements in their experiments. Moreover, given the efficiency of the procedures, it will be much easier for the future experimenters to track a listener's hearing characteristics longitudinally.