Sleep and Divorce: Identifying Bidirectional Vulnerability and Resilience

描述（由申请人提供）：睡眠紊乱、睡眠时间短或睡眠时间长的个体发生各种长期不良后果的风险增加，包括过早死亡。经历过婚姻分居或离婚的人在余生中的发病率和全因死亡率也会增加，人们越来越感兴趣的是，重要健康行为的中断可能在导致不良健康结果方面发挥关键作用。虽然这些广泛的流行病学影响被很好地复制，但对解释（即，调解）离婚-健康协会。使用一个整合了多种方法的纵向框架，拟议的研究通过检查120名参与者（年龄从18岁到70岁，男女人数相等）的心理困扰，睡眠和社会参与结果来解决这一限制。在5个月的每月评估中，参与者将完成心理评估电池和一周的睡眠日记。在第一个月、第三个月和第五个月，所有参与者将佩戴一个腕表大小的actiwatch，持续一周，该手表测量活动，并可用于对个人睡眠时间和睡眠质量进行客观评估。在这一周里，参与者还将佩戴电子激活录音机（Electronically Activated Recorder，简称EAR），这是一种自然主义的观察采样工具，可以定期记录参与者瞬间环境中的环境声音片段。然后，对参与者互动的各个方面进行编码，这些互动预计将在适应分居和离婚方面发挥关键作用。本研究的主要目的是：（1）探讨睡眠障碍和社会参与的行为指标对离婚后心理困扰的调节作用;（2）探讨睡眠、社会参与和心理困扰之间潜在的时变中介过程;以及（3）在5个月的研究期间，使用结构方程模型的最新进展来探索睡眠与离婚相关的心理困扰之间的潜在动态关联。这些发现将有助于阐明离婚的常见生活压力如何转化为健康/疾病结果，同时也提供了有关睡眠，社会和心理变化如何随着时间的推移一起运作的重要基础知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Individuals who have disturbed sleep, short sleep, or long sleep are at increased risk for a variety of long-term negative consequences, including early mortality. Individuals who have experienced marital separation or divorce also demonstrate increased morbidity and all-cause mortality over the remainder of life, and there is growing interest in the possibility that disruptions in important health behaviors play a critical role in driving poor health outcomes. Although these broad-based epidemiological effects are well-replicated, relatively little is known about the psychological or behavioral mechanisms that explain (i.e., mediate) the divorce-health association. Using a longitudinal framework that integrates multiple methodologies, the proposed research addresses this limitation by examining psychological distress, sleep, and social engagement outcomes in a sample of 120 participants (from 18 to 70 years of age, equal numbers of men and women). At monthly assessments across 5 months, participants will complete a psychological assessment battery and one week of sleep diaries. At the first, third, and fifth months, all participants will wear a wrist-watch sized actiwatch for one week that measures activity and can be used to derive objective assessment of when and how well individuals sleep. During that week participants also will wear the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), which is a naturalistic observation sampling tool that periodically records snippets of ambient sounds from participants' momentary environments. Sampled sound bites are then coded for aspects of participants' interactions that are expected to play a critical role for adjustment to separation and divorce. The research is guided by the following specific aims: (1) To examine how initial levels of sleep disturbance and EAR-indexed behavioral indicators of social engagement moderate changes in psychological distress following divorce; (2) To investigate potential time-varying mediating processes linking sleep, social engagement, and psychological distress; and, (3) to explore potential dynamic associations between sleep and divorce-related psychological distress over the 5 month study period using recent advances in structural equation modeling. The findings will help illuminate how the common life stressor of divorce translates to health/illness outcomes while also providing important basic knowledge about how sleep, social, and psychological changes operate together over time.