Aging, Emotional Well-being, and Physical Health

描述（由申请人提供）：新兴的纵向研究结果挑战了长期以来的论点，即情感幸福感在整个生命周期中均匀增加。迄今为止， 有系统的经验和理论工作确立了老年人的福祉得到加强或受到损害的边界条件。拟议的研究计划旨在通过解决3个核心问题来填补这一空白，这些问题对于理解幸福感的老龄化至关重要：（1）老龄化如何不同地影响情感幸福感的不同时间测量（例如，情绪反应;情绪体验的可变性;短期回忆的情绪体验）;（2）心理社会环境的特征，可能会根据年龄差异调节这些影响;以及（3）经历的幸福感的不同方面如何在整个成年生活中与感知和客观的身体健康有差异。拟议的项目解决这些问题，通过应用一种新的理论模型（强度和脆弱性集成; SAVI）的两个纵向数据集。SAVI是第一个理论，适用于一个原则性的帐户时，在什么情况下，年龄分级的增长将和不会被观察到。SAVI预测，文献中记录的与年龄相关的积极记忆偏差在很大程度上解释了随着年龄的增长而获得更高体验的幸福感的发现。然而，在相对接近的情绪状态的评估中，以及当人们被给予上下文锚（例如，当回忆特定事件时）。第一个数据集包括两波美国中年人调查（MIDUS）和全国日常体验研究（NERGY）。在跨越50岁成年人的大型全国样本中，在10年内评估了幸福感的多个方面，并在时间2收集了生物标志物。第二个数据集将包括来自压力对认知老化，生理学和情绪的影响（ESCAPE）研究的第一批数据，该研究包括14天内全天的瞬时采样，每晚，每周和每月的情绪体验评估，以及生物标志物，包括与炎症相关的生物标志物。这些数据捕捉了当前和整体情感幸福感以及自我报告和客观健康指数的多个方面。拟议的项目将SAVI的理论创新与这些数据集的方法创新相结合，以测试有关年龄，福祉和身体健康的核心问题。所获得的知识将有助于通过解释这些与年龄相关的方法动态以及它们如何与健康相关结果相关，为未来的临床干预和预防工作提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emerging longitudinal findings challenge the long-held contention that affective well-being increases uniformly across the life span. To date, little systematic empirical and theoretical work has established the boundary conditions within which well-being is enhanced or compromised in aging adults. The proposed research program intends to fill this gap by addressing 3 core questions that are essential to understanding the aging of well-being concerning: (1) how aging differentially affects distinct temporal measures of affective well-being (e.g., emotional reactivity; variability in emotional experience; short-term recalled emotional experiences); (2) characteristics of the psychosocial environment that may modulates these effects differentially by age; and (3) how varying aspects of experienced well-being differentially relate to perceived and objective physical health across the adult life span. The proposed project addresses these questions by applying a novel theoretical model (Strength and Vulnerability Integration; SAVI) to two longitudinal data sets. SAVI is the first theory that applies a principled account of when and under what circumstances age-graded increases will and will not be observed. SAVI predicts that the age-related positive memory bias documented in the literature largely accounts for findings of higher experienced well-being with age. This effect, however, can be minimized or eliminated in assessments of relatively proximal emotional states, and when people are given a contextual anchor (e.g., when recalling a specific event). The first dataset includes two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey and the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). Multiple aspects of well-being are assessed across 10 years among a large national sample of people spanning 50 years of adulthood, and biomarkers were collected at Time 2. The second data set will include the first burst of data from the Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology, and Emotion (ESCAPE) study, which consists of momentary sampling throughout the day across 14 days, nightly, weekly and a monthly assessment of emotional experiences, and biomarkers including those related to inflammation. These data capture multiple aspects of current and overall affective well-being and self-reported and objective health indices. The proposed project combines the theoretical innovations of SAVI with the methodological innovations of these data sets to test core questions about age, well-being and physical health. Knowledge gained will help inform future clinical intervention and prevention efforts by explaining these age-related and methodological dynamics and how they are related to health-related outcomes.