Prenatal pyrethroid exposure and child mental, motor and behavioral development

描述（由申请人提供）：由于禁止在住宅中使用有机磷（OP）杀虫剂，接触拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂是一个日益严重的健康问题。拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂已取代OP用于住宅虫害防治。美国各地的使用量都在增加，纽约市的使用量尤其高。实验和初步流行病学数据表明，产前暴露可能对儿童的智力、运动和行为发育产生不利影响。然而，还需要进一步的研究。本研究的目的是研究产前接触拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的生物标志物是否与儿童的不良认知、运动和行为发展有关。在此过程中，我们还将验证产前暴露于这些化合物的尿液生物标志物，以用于流行病学研究。为了做到这一点，我们使用了来自两个正在进行的纵向出生队列的数据，这些队列共包括n=325名纽约市母亲和儿童。拟除虫菊酯代谢物将在收集和储存的所有怀孕妇女的尿液样本中进行测量。在孩子48-58个月之间，家庭将被邀请到我们的诊所进行发育评估。认知发展将使用韦氏学前和小学智力量表-第三版进行评估；运用bruinink - oseretsky运动能力测试（第二版）进行运动发展；幼儿版执行功能行为评定量表。将进行一次家访，以获取有关儿童养育环境的数据。将采集儿童血液样本来测量全血中的铅含量。将对母亲进行问卷调查，更新社会和人口统计信息、吸烟史、母亲满意度和士气低落（精神病学流行病学研究工具士气低落量表），并收集农药使用数据。母亲的智力也将被评估（非语言智力测试，第三版）。地理信息系统制图将用于模拟邻里水平的SES和其他特征，这些特征可能在当前的研究中充当混杂因素。多元线性回归分析将用于检查拟除虫菊酯代谢物与结果之间的关系，调整潜在的混杂因素和多重比较。这项研究的结果将具有直接的公共卫生重要性，并将为今后检查拟除虫菊酯毒性的研究提供信息。拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的室内使用急剧增加。初步数据表明，产前接触拟除虫菊酯会对儿童的学习和行为产生不利影响。然而，之前没有研究评估孕妇产前尿液中拟除虫菊酯代谢物与儿童认知、运动或行为结果之间的关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exposure to pyrethroid insecticides is a growing health concern due to the ban on residential use of organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Pyrethroids have replaced OP for residential pest control. Use is increasing across the U.S. and is particularly high in New York City (NYC). Experimental and preliminary epidemiologic data suggest that prenatal exposure may adversely affect child mental, motor and behavioral development. However, additionally research is urgently needed. The goals of this study are to examine whether biomarkers of prenatal exposure to pyrethroid insecticides are associated with adverse children's cognitive, motor and behavioral development. In doing so, we will also validate a urinary biomarker of prenatal exposure to these compounds for use in epidemiologic research. To accomplish this, we use data from two ongoing longitudinal birth cohorts which together comprise n=325 NYC mothers and children. Pyrethroid metabolites will be measured in urine samples collected and stored from all women during pregnancy. Between child ages 48-58 months, families will be invited to our clinic for development assessments. Cognitive development will be assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-3rd edition; motor development using the Bruininks-OseretskyTest of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition; and executive function using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version. A home visit will be made to obtain data on the childrearing environment. Child blood samples will be collected to measure lead in whole blood. Questionnaires will be administered to the mother updating social and demographic information, smoking history, and maternal satisfaction and demoralization (the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Instrument Demoralization Scale) and to gather data on pesticide use. Maternal intelligence will also be assessed (the Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence, 3rd edition). GIS mapping will be used to model neighborhood level SES and other characteristics which may act as a confounder in the current study. Multiple linear regression analysis will be used to examine associations between the pyrethroid metabolites and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders and multiple comparisons. Results from this study will have immediate public health importance and will inform future studies examining pyrethroid toxicities. Indoor uses of pyrethroid insecticides have been increasing dramatically. Preliminary data suggest that prenatal pyrethroids exposure can adversely affects child learning and behavior. However, no prior study has evaluated associations between pyrethroid metabolites in maternal prenatal urine and cognitive, motor or behavioral outcomes in children.