HIV Prevention and Adherence Among Priority Drug Using Populations

描述(由申请人提供)：在这份修订后的K02职业补助申请中，候选人申请了5年的资金，以支持一系列活动，这些活动将共同改善针对国内和国际吸毒者的艾滋病毒预防和依从性干预方法的发展。通过疾控中心的有效行为干预传播(DEBI)计划，许多基于证据的艾滋病毒预防方法现已广泛用于艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者(PLWA)。然而，当前针对HIV+DU的EBI的培训、实施、监测和评估所需的大量资源降低了这些EBI在常见临床环境(例如，药物治疗方案、HIV临床护理环境、矫正环境等)中被适当采用和维持的可能性。此外，适用于HIV+DU的EBI的吸收相当有限，每年新感染艾滋病毒的人数--其中很大一部分直接或间接可归因于HIV+DU--在美国保持在约56,300人左右。因此，HIV+DU仍然是一个重要的优先人群，因为只有HIV+的人才能传播新的感染，因为DU继续通过与药物和性相关的艾滋病毒危险行为继续对艾滋病毒的持续流行做出巨大贡献，而这些危险行为是完全可以通过适当定制和战略性的干预措施来预防的，这些干预措施在临床环境中是有效的、具有成本效益的和可持续的。NIDA认识到了这一翻译差距，并为候选人的研究小组提供了资金，以调整和优化EBI方法，以便在戒毒治疗和惩教环境中的优先人群中实施。修订后的K02(独立科学家奖)中提议的活动为候选人提供了基本的框架和释放时间，以便为针对这一优先群体的下一代艾滋病毒预防和遵守计划做出贡献，最终目标是改善艾滋病毒大流行。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this revised K02 career grant application, the candidate is requesting 5 years of funding to support a range of activities that will collectively improve the development of HIV prevention and adherence intervention approaches targeting drug users nationally and internationally. Through the CDC's Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions (DEBI) program, a number of evidence-based HIV prevention approaches are now widely available for use with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA). The substantial resources required for training, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of current EBIs targeting HIV+ DUs, however, reduces the likelihood that these EBIs can be properly adopted and sustained in common clinical settings (e.g., drug treatment programs, HIV clinical care settings, correctional settings, etc.). Moreover, the uptake of EBIs applicable to HIV+ DUs has been quite limited and the number of new annual HIV infections - a significant portion of which are directly and indirectly attributable to HIV+ DUs - has remained ~56,300 in the U.S. Thus, HIV+ DUs remain an important priority population since only HIV+ persons can transmit new infections and because DUs continue to contribute greatly to the persistent HIV epidemic via drug- and sex-related HIV risk behaviors that are entirely preventable through properly tailored and strategically placed interventions that are efficacious, cost-effective, and sustainable in clinica settings. NIDA has recognized this translational gap and has provided funding for the candidate's research team to adapt and optimize EBI approaches for implementation among priority populations in drug treatment and correctional settings. The activities proposed in this revised K02 (Independent Scientist Award) provide the essential framework and release time for the candidate to contribute to the next generation of HIV prevention and adherence programs targeting this priority population with the ultimate goal of improving the HIV pandemic.