Neurobehavioral Contributors to Math Failure: A Reward-Based Learning Framework

描述（由申请人提供）：在这组应用程序中，我们建议启动一个新的学习障碍研究中心，最初专注于数学失败的高风险。我们建议在现有的儿科神经行为和成像研究的强大基础设施，儿科神经认知，成像和遗传学（PING）数据资源中建立这个新的中心。PING基础设施为建立一个新的跨学科和多研究者计划提供了许多重要的优势，因为它已经汇集了一个强大的行为，临床，成像，计算和遗传学研究人员团队作为一个紧密整合的团队，最重要的是吸引了一群非常有才华的年轻研究人员和研究生，专注于拟议研究中解决的问题。我们团队提出的研究的一个统一主题是，数学失败，也许更广泛地说是学术失败，通过假定的早期概念弱点的相互作用逐渐出现，在某些情况下归因于特定神经系统中的功能低下和异常神经结构，以及越来越多的奖励偏见，这些偏见以相加或非相加的方式抑制了正常的学习轨迹。与这个主题相一致，我们将我们建议的研究中心称为学习障碍研究中心（LDRH）中的情感和选择（REaCh）的作用。拟议中的REaCh Hub有3个组成部分：一个新的研究项目，旨在调查数学失败风险高的儿童早期发育过程中有关学习和神经结构的关键问题，以及两个核心。行政核心提案描述了新中心的管理计划和将根据新研究进行调整的PING基础设施;并侧重于嵌套式辅导计划，以确保不同级别的受训人员与重点工作组内的中级和高级调查员之间的密切互动。还描述了Core用于内部Hub和外部Hub数据共享的资产。发展基础设施核心提案描述了一个小额赠款计划的管理，以支持中心内初级研究人员，学员和来自原始REaCh LDRH组以外学科的研究人员的新工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this set of applications, we propose to initiate a new Learning Disabilities Research Hub focusing initially on high risk for mathematics failure. We proposed to situate this new Hub within an existing strong infrastructure for pediatric neurobehavioral and imaging research, the Pediatric Neurocognition, Imaging, and Genetics (PING) data resource. PING infrastructure provides many important advantages for building a new cross disciplinary and multiple-investigator program, as it has already brought together a strong team of behavioral, clinical, imaging, computational, and genetics investigators as a closely integrated team, and most importantly has attracted a very talented group of young investigators and graduate students focused on the problems addressed in the proposed research. A unifying theme of the studies that our team has proposed is the notion that math failure, and perhaps academic failure more broadly, emerges gradually through interactions of putative early conceptual weaknesses, attributable in some cases to poor functioning and anomalous neural architecture in specific neural systems, with increasing reward-based biases that contribute, additively or non-additively, to suppression of the normal learning trajectory. Consistent with this theme we refer to our proposed research hub as the Roles of Emotion and Choice (REaCh) in Learning Disabilities Research Hub (LDRH). The proposed REaCh Hub has 3 components: a new research project to investigate key questions about learning and the neural architecture during early development in children at high risk for math failure, and two cores. The Administrative Core proposal describes the management plan for the new Hub and the PING infrastructure that will be adapted for the new studies; and focuses on a nested mentoring plan for ensuring close interaction between trainees at different levels with mid-level and senior investigators within focused workgroups. The assets of the Core for within-Hub and extra-Hub data sharing are also described. A Developmental Infrastructure Core proposal describes the administration of a small grant program to support novel work within the Hub by junior investigators, trainees, and investigators from disciplines outside of the original REaCh LDRH group.