METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER-INDUCED BONE PAIN

描述（由申请人提供）：前列腺癌在癌症中是独特的，因为尽管它具有高度转移性，但骨通常是临床上唯一可检测到的转移部位。 幸运的是，转移性前列腺癌患者通常有很长的生存时间。 不幸的是，前列腺转移到骨经常导致严重的慢性疼痛，降低生活质量，功能状态，并大大增加医疗保健的利用。 本申请的目标是了解驱动前列腺癌引起的骨痛的机制，并使用这些信息来开发可以更好地预防和/或治疗这种慢性疼痛的疗法。 在初步研究中，我们已经完善了前列腺癌骨痛的小鼠模型，使其在以下方面密切反映了在患有前列腺转移到骨的人类中观察到的许多病理特征：肿瘤主要是成骨细胞，肿瘤在骨中定植的模式，形成骨损伤的单个肿瘤集落，强大的血管化和肿瘤的生存能力。 虽然这些前列腺癌细胞不表达神经生长因子（NGF），但初步数据表明，它们相关的基质细胞释放NGF，诱导肿瘤骨中原肌球蛋白受体激酶A（TrkA）+感觉和交感神经纤维的显着发芽，这可能在驱动慢性前列腺癌诱导的骨痛中起主要作用。 基于这些观察结果，我们假设：（1）从特定基质细胞群释放的NGF通过TrkA+而不是TrkA-诱导荷瘤骨中的感觉和交感神经纤维的显着发芽和神经瘤形成，并且这种病理重组的程度将预测前列腺诱导的疼痛行为的严重性;（2）新萌发的感觉和交感神经纤维具有独特的形态学，并表达病理高水平的促痛觉神经递质、通道/受体和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶，这些在支配正常骨的神经纤维中从未观察到;和（3）早期预防性施用抗-NGF或抗-TrkA减弱肿瘤诱导的神经发芽、感觉和交感神经纤维的促痛表型和骨癌疼痛。 相比之下，抗NGF或抗TrkA的后期施用将仅部分逆转神经纤维的促痛觉表型，并且对已经发生的病理性发芽或神经瘤形成具有很少或没有影响。 总体假设是，NGF/TrkA通路的预防性阻断越早开始，病理性神经变化和疼痛就可以越有效地控制。 如果正确的话，这个项目的数据可能会从根本上改变我们对前列腺癌引起的骨痛的理解和治疗。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prostate cancer is unique among cancers as although it is highly metastatic, bone is frequently the only clinically detectable site of metastasis. Fortunately, patients with metastatic prostate cancer usually have a long survival time. Unfortunately, prostate metastasis to bone frequently causes a severe, chronic pain that reduces quality of life, functional status, and greatly increases health care utilization. The goals of this application are to understand the mechanisms that drive prostate cancer-induced bone pain and use this information to develop therapies that can better prevent and/or treat this chronic pain. In preliminary studies, we have refined a mouse model of prostate cancer bone pain so that it closely mirrors many of the pathological features observed in humans with prostate metastasis to bone in terms of: the tumor being primarily osteoblastic, the pattern of tumor colonization in bone, the individual tumor colonies forming sclerotic bone lesions, the robust vascularization, and viability of the tumor. While these prostate cancer cells do not express nerve growth factor (NGF), preliminary data suggest their associated stromal cells release NGF that induces dramatic sprouting of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)+ sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers in the tumor-bearing bone that may play a major role in driving chronic prostate cancer-induced bone pain. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that: (1) NGF released from specific populations of stromal cells induces marked sprouting and neuroma formation by TrkA+, but not TrkA-, sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers in the tumor-bearing bone and that the extent of this pathological reorganization will predict the severity of prostate-induced pain behaviors; (2) newly sprouted sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers have a distinct morphology and express pathologically high levels of pro-algesic neurotransmitters, channels/receptors, and mitogen-activated protein kinases that are never observed in nerve fibers that innervate the normal bone; and (3) early preventive administration of anti-NGF or anti-TrkA attenuates the tumor-induced nerve sprouting, the pro-algesic phenotype of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers, and bone cancer pain. In contrast, late administration of anti-NGF or anti-TrkA will only partially reverse the pro-algesic phenotype of the nerve fibers and have little or no effect on the pathological sprouting or neuroma formation that has already occurred. The overarching hypothesis is that the earlier preventive blockade of the NGF/TrkA pathway is initiated, the more effectively the pathological nerve changes and pain can be controlled. If correct, data from this project may fundamentally change our understanding and treatment of prostate cancer-induced bone pain.