Trim58 and the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Erythro-megakaryopoiesis

描述(由申请人提供)：我们寻求对红细胞(RBC)形成(红细胞生成)生物学的新的、医学上相关的见解。在红系前体中，泛素蛋白酶体系统(UPS)识别并消除在逐渐成熟过程中变得不必要或潜在有害的内源性蛋白。UPS还可以作为一种保护机制，消除红细胞疾病中积累的有毒蛋白质，正如我们和其他人在�地中海贫血方面所证明的那样，这是一种由血红蛋白合成不平衡引起的常见贫血。虽然UPS被认为对红细胞生成至关重要，但人们对其中涉及的特定分子知之甚少。对人类群体的大规模全基因组关联研究(GWAS)已经确定了许多被预测为调节红细胞生成的UPS成分。我们将这些GWA与全球转录组分析相结合，以确定在RBC前体中表达的几种潜在重要的UPS蛋白。我们深入研究的一个有趣的候选蛋白是Trim58，这是一种标记其他蛋白质降解的蛋白质，也被GWAs牵连到调节血小板的形成。我们发现，Trim58缺陷的RBC前体表现出错误的成熟，包括排出核的能力受损，这是哺乳动物红细胞生成的关键步骤。初步研究表明，Trim58通过消除动力蛋白来促进去核，动力蛋白是一种分子马达复合体，在几乎所有其他类型的细胞中都具有多种基本功能。我们将对纯化的蛋白质进行生化研究，并对培养的红细胞进行遗传操作，以检验Trim58降解动力蛋白的机制，以及这如何促进红细胞前体去核。为了研究Trim58可能的动力蛋白非依赖功能，我们将进行蛋白质组学研究，以确定其额外的降解靶点(目标1)。为了检验Trim58在体内的功能，我们将在小鼠中去除该基因，并确定在基线和暴露于各种生理应激后对红细胞和血小板形成的影响(目标2)。最后，我们将使用短发夹状RNA在培养的初级红系前体细胞中抑制额外的GWAS识别的UPS候选基因的表达，并确定这如何影响它们的成熟(目标3)。我们的研究旨在阐明通过调节蛋白质降解促进红细胞生成的新途径。通过药物或基因操作改变这些途径，应该可以加强正在进行的努力，在体外产生红细胞用于输血治疗，并治疗由红细胞生成失调引起的各种血液疾病。更广泛地说，我们计划的研究与GWAS协同作用，以更好地了解遗传变异如何影响医学相关的表型。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We seek new, medically relevant insights into the biology of red blood cell (RBC) formation (erythropoiesis). In erythroid precursors, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) identifies and eliminates endogenous proteins that become unnecessary or potentially deleterious during progressive maturation. The UPS also functions as a protective mechanism to eliminate toxic proteins that accumulate in RBC disorders, as we and others have demonstrated for � thalassemia, a common anemia caused by imbalanced hemoglobin synthesis. While the UPS is believed to be critical for erythropoiesis, very little is known regarding the specific molecules involved. Large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) of human populations have identified numerous UPS components predicted to regulate erythropoiesis. We combined these GWAS with global transcriptome analyses to identify several potentially important UPS proteins expressed in RBC precursors. One interesting candidate that we have studied in depth is Trim58, a protein that marks other proteins for degradation and has also been implicated by GWAS to regulate the formation of platelets. We showed that Trim58 deficient RBC precursors exhibit faulty maturation, including impaired ability to expel the nucleus, a key step in mammalian erythropoiesis. Preliminary studies indicate that Trim58 facilitates enucleation by eliminating dynein, a molecular motor complex with multiple essential functions in virtually all other cell types. We will perform biochemical studies of purifed proteins and genetic manipulations of cultured RBCs to examine the mechanisms by which Trim58 degrades dynein and how this facilitates RBC precursor enucleation. To investigate potential dynein independent functions of Trim58, we will perform proteomic studies to identify its additional degradation targets (Aim 1). To examine Trim58 functions in vivo, we will ablate the gene in mice and determine the consequences on RBC and platelet formation at baseline and after exposure to various physiological stresses (Aim 2). Finally, we will use short hairpin RNAs to suppress the expression of additional GWAS-identified UPS candidates in cultured primary erythroid precursors and determine how this affects their maturation (Aim 3). Our studies aim to elucidate new pathways that promote erythropoiesis through regulated protein degradation. By altering these pathways through drugs or genetic manipulation, it should be possible to enhance ongoing efforts to generate RBCs in vitro for transfusion therapies and to treat various blood diseases caused by dysregulated erythropoiesis. More generally, our planned investigations synergize with GWAS to better understand how genetic variation influences medically relevant phenotypes.