COMPLEX GENOMIC REARRANGEMENTS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

描述(申请人提供)：在过去的二十年中，基因组重排通常是导致神经疾病的突变类型，这一点已经变得很明显。这不仅适用于神经发育障碍，如智力残疾(ID)和不同可识别的人类畸形模式(如Potocki-Lupski综合征)，也适用于迟发性成人神经疾病，如Charcot-Marie-Tooth病。此外，基因组重排往往会导致复杂的特征和零星的疾病，如帕金森、阿尔茨海默病和其他神经退化过程。与先前的解释相反，对疾病相关基因组重排的实验评估经常证明它们可能比预期的复杂得多。复杂性可以发生在单个基因座上，并给出复杂基因组重排(CGR)的特定模式，如复制-正常-复制(DUP-NML-DUP)或嵌入复制中的三重(DUP-Trp-DUP)。此外，复杂性可发生在基因组水平上，导致复杂的染色体重排和在癌症和神经发育障碍中观察到的染色质萎缩现象，以及明显随机分布在整个基因组中的多个从头拷贝数变异(CNV)的不寻常模式。解释产生这种复杂性的机制是一个真正处于初级阶段的领域。我们建议进一步描述与神经系统疾病相关的复杂基因组重排(CGR)。具体地说，我们将研究并试图阐明以下机制：1)由嵌入基因组复制片段中的相反方向的三重片段组成的CGR(DUP-Trp/INV-DUP)；一种新观察到的CGR类型，其机制已在我们先前的应用中阐明；2)反复三倍体的机制；3)阐明CGR的潜在分子特征和断点连接，这些特征和断点连接伴随着基因组长片段的杂合性缺失(AOH)，并导致基因组(CGR)和遗传(AOH)的改变，以及4)我们将试图分离出与多个从头CNV似乎随机分布在整个基因组中的现象有关的重要基因。用来实现这些具体目标的实验方法现在已经触手可及。它主要需要能够进行全基因组变异分析的基因组方法，如阵列比较基因组杂交、全基因组SNP芯片、外显子组测序、全基因组测序，以及用于描绘特定断点连接的其他作图和分子方法。预计这些人工智能的完成将表征这些新类型的重排，并进一步深入了解可能导致无数神经疾病的基本分子突变机制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During the previous two decades it has become apparent that genomic rearrangements are often the type of mutation that underlies neurological disease. This is so not only for neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability (ID) and different recognizable patterns of human malformation (e.g. Potocki- Lupski syndrome), but also for late-onset adult neurological disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Moreover, genomic rearrangement can often underlie complex traits and sporadic diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative processes. Contrary to prior interpretations, experimental evaluation of disease associated genomic rearrangements has often documented that they can be much more complex than anticipated. Complexities can occur at individual loci and give specific patterns for complex genomic rearrangements (CGR) such as duplication - normal - duplication (DUP-NML-DUP), or a triplication embedded within duplications (DUP-TRP-DUP). Furthermore, complexities can occur on a genomic level leading to complex chromosomal rearrangements and the phenomena of chromothripsis observed both in cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as an unusual pattern of multiple de novo copy number variants (CNVs) spread apparently randomly throughout the genome. The elucidation of mechanisms that can generate such complexities is a field that is truly in its infancy. We propose to further characterize complex genomic rearrangements (CGR) that have been found in association with neurological disease. Specifically, we will investigate and attempt to elucidate mechanisms for: 1) A CGR that consists of a triplicated segment in inverse orientation embedded within a duplicated segment of the genome (DUP-TRP/INV-DUP); a newly observed type of CGR with a proposed mechanism elucidated in our previous application; 2) The mechanism for recurrent triplications; 3) Elucidate the underlying molecular characteristics and breakpoint junctions of CGR that are accompanied by long genomic stretches of absence of heterozygosity (AOH), and resulting in both genomic (CGR) and genetic (AOH) alterations, and 4) We will attempt to isolate a gene important to the phenomena of multiple de novo CNV seemingly randomly distributed throughout the genome. The experimental approaches to be utilized to accomplish each one of these specific aims are now within our reach. It predominately requires genomic approaches that enable genomewide assays of variation such as array comparative genomic hybridization, genomewide SNP chips, exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and other mapping and molecular approaches for the delineation of specific breakpoint junctions. It is anticipated that completion of these ais will characterize these novel types of rearrangements and lend further insight into basic molecular mutational mechanisms that can cause myriad of neurological diseases.