IGF::OT::IGF GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION CENTERS FOR NCI-MATCH

美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）癌症基因组学中心（CCG）成立于2011年，其使命是领导NCI努力生成对人类肿瘤中观察到的变化进行编目所需的关键数据集，协调数据统一和共享工作，并支持开发旨在提高我们对大规模、多维数据的理解的分析工具和计算方法。CCG的目标还包括开发和应用尖端的基因组科学来预防癌症和更好地治疗癌症患者，例如在NCI支持的临床试验中。目前，几个大规模的癌症基因组研究项目属于CCG的保护伞，包括由癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）计划办公室和癌症基因组学办公室（OCG）管理的项目。 CCG正在启动各种新项目，这些项目需要对癌症标本和癌症模型（例如人类癌细胞系）进行基因组分析。从广义上讲，这些举措的目标包括阐明癌症的发病机制以及癌症的基因组改变如何影响对治疗的反应。其中一项努力是最近启动的癌症驱动发现计划（CDDP），其目的是确定在2%或更多特定组织学癌症病例中获得“驱动突变”的基因。CDDP试点项目已经启动，最初的重点是三种肿瘤类型-肺腺癌，结肠癌和卵巢癌-但也将考虑其他肿瘤类型。通过对比TCGA计划中出现的更大数量的活组织切片进行测序（即>500），CDDP将具有统计能力来发现癌症中可能驱动致癌过程的新的复发突变基因。本工作说明书支持的另一个项目是临床试验测序项目（CTSP），CCG正在与DCTD合作，对参加NCI申办的临床试验的患者的癌症活检标本进行全面的基因组分析，目的是确定治疗反应和耐药性的分子基础。CCG的第三个计划，称为人类癌症模型计划（HCMP），将包括对体外或异种移植物中生长的新创建的人类癌症模型进行基因组分析。

The Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) was established in 2011 with a mission to lead the NCI efforts in generating critical datasets required to catalog the alterations seen in human tumors, coordinating data unification and sharing efforts, and supporting development of analytical tools and computational approaches aimed at improving our understanding of the large-scale, multidimensional data. CCG also has the goal of developing and applying cutting-edge genomic science to prevent cancer and better treat cancer patients, for example in the context of NCI-supported clinical trials. Currently, several large-scale cancer genome research projects fall under the CCG umbrella including those managed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program Office and the Office of Cancer Genomics (OCG). The CCG is initiating a variety of new projects that require the genomic analysis of cancer specimens and cancer models (e.g. human cancer cell lines). Broadly, the goals of these initiatives include the elucidation of pathogenetic mechanisms in cancer and how genomic alterations in cancer influence the response to treatment. One such effort is the recently initiated Cancer Driver Discovery Program (CDDP), which aims to identify genes that acquire “driver mutations” in 2% or more cases of cancers of a particular histology. The CDDP pilot has been launched with initial focus on three tumor types – lung adenocarcinoma, colon carcinoma and ovarian carcinomas – but will consider other tumor types as well. By sequencing biopsies in larger numbers than has occurred in the TCGA program (i.e. >500), the CDDP will have the statistical power to discover new recurrently mutated genes in cancer that may drive the oncogenic process. Another program supported by this Statement of Work would be the Clinical Trial Sequencing Project (CTSP), in which CCG is working with DCTD to conduct comprehensive genomic analysis of cancer biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on NCI-sponsored clinical trials, with the goal of identifying the molecular basis for therapeutic response and resistance. A third CCG initiative, termed the Human Cancer Models Program (HCMP), will include the genomic analysis of newly created human cancer models growing in vitro or in xenografts.